Origin of Species Variorum

→ it might have been thought 1861 1866 1869 1872

I should have expected 1859 1860

→ Sir J. 1872

quite recently Mr. 1859 1860 1861

recently Sir J. 1866 1869

→ will ever be found of an important part varying; 1872

of an important part varying will ever be found: 1859 1860 1861

will ever be found of an important part varying: 1866 1869

→ is 1861 1866 1869 1872

seems to me 1859 1860

→ OMIT 1872

hardly 1859 1860 1861 1866

about which hardly 1869

→ OMIT 1872

as species and which 1859 1860 1861 1866

them as species or 1869

→ and of Brachiopod shells. 1872

and several genera of Brachiopod shells. 1859 1860 1861

several genera of Brachiopod shells, and the Ruff (Machetes pugnax) amongst birds. 1866 1869

→ are 1861 1866 1869 1872

seem to be 1859 1860

→ see, at least in some of 1872

see in 1859 1860 1861 1866

have at least in some of 1869

→ OMIT 1869 1872

in points of structure 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ as is known to every one, great 1872

great 1866 1869

→ independently of variation, 1872

not directly connected with variability, 1866

OMIT 1869

→ of various animals, 1869 1872

as 1866

→ many of the lower 1869 1872

all 1866

→ also, cases 1872

however, other cases, namely 1866 1869

→ both with animals and plants. 1872

which might easily be, and have frequently been, confounded with variability, but which are really quite distinct. 1866

which might easily be, and have frequently been, confounded with variability, but which are quite distinct. 1869

↑ 1 blocks not present in 1859 1860 1861 1872; present in 1866 1869

I refer to the two or three distinct forms, which certain animals of either sex, and certain hermaphrodite plants, habitually present.

→ Müller has 1872

Müller, also, has recently 1866 1869

same species.

I should

It would

never have

expected

been expected

that the branching of the main nerves close to the great central ganglion of an insect would have been variable in the same species; →it might have been thought that changes of this nature could have been effected only by slow

degrees:

degrees;

yet →Sir J. Lubbock has shown a degree of variability in these main nerves in Coccus, which may almost be compared to the irregular branching of the stem of a tree. This philosophical naturalist, I may add, has also

quite recently

recently

....

shown that the muscles in the larvæ of certain insects are

very

....

far from uniform. Authors sometimes argue in a circle when they state that important organs never vary; for these same authors practically rank

that character

those parts

as important (as some few naturalists have honestly confessed) which

does

not vary; and, under this point of view, no instance →will ever be found of an important part varying; but under any other point of view many instances assuredly can be given.

There is one point connected with individual differences, which →is extremely perplexing: I refer to those genera which have

sometimes

....

been called "protean" or "polymorphic," in which the species present an inordinate amount of

variation;

variation.

and

....

→OMIT

two

....

naturalists

....

can

~~OMIT~~

....

agree

....

which forms

whether

rank

→OMIT

varieties.

With respect to many of these forms, hardly two naturalists agree whether to rank them as species or as varieties. We may instance Rubus, Rosa, and Hieracium amongst plants, several genera of

insects,

insects

→and of Brachiopod shells. In most polymorphic genera some of the species have fixed and definite characters. Genera which are polymorphic in one country seem to be, with

some

few exceptions, polymorphic in other countries, and likewise, judging from Brachiopod shells, at former periods of time. These facts →are very perplexing, for they seem to show that this kind of variability is independent of the conditions of life. I am inclined to suspect that we →see, at least in some of these polymorphic

genera

genera,

variations →OMIT which are of no service or disservice to the species, and which consequently have not been seized on and rendered definite by natural selection, as hereafter

will

be explained.

Individuals of the same species often

present

present,

→as is known to every one, great differences of structure, →independently of variation, as in the two

sexes,

sexes

→of various animals, in the two or three castes of sterile females or workers amongst insects, and

....

in the immature and larval states of →many of the lower animals. There are, →also, cases of dimorphism and trimorphism, →both with animals and plants. ↑ Thus, Mr. Wallace, who has lately called

special

....

attention to the subject, has shown that the females of certain species of butterflies, in the Malayan archipelago, regularly appear under two or even three conspicuously distinct forms, not connected

together

....

by intermediate varieties. Fritz →Müller has described analogous but more