Origin of Species Variorum

→ of 1859 1860 1872

or, perhaps, twenty-three, of 1861 1866 1869

→ twenty-one or perhaps twenty-three are ranked 1872

are ranked by Mr. Gould 1859 1860

are ranked 1861 1866 1869

→ and would commonly be assumed 1872

supposed 1859 1860

and are supposed 1861 1866 1869

→ is manifest in 1872

in 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

→ a large proportion of 1866 1869 1872

nearly all 1859 1860 1861

→ OMIT 1866 1869 1872

memoir on the 1859 1860 1861

→ Facts such as these, admit of 1869 1872

I believe this grand fact can receive 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ from America, whether 1872

whether 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

→ (though I do not believe in this doctrine) by 1872

by 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

→ the nearest large 1872

other near 1859 1860 1861 1866

the nearest 1869

→ although 1869 1872

the plants of 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ the plants are 1869 1872

are 1859 1860 1861 1866

There are twenty-six

land birds,

land-birds,

land birds;

and twenty-five

and twenty-one,

....

→of

these

these,

→twenty-one or perhaps twenty-three are ranked as distinct species, →and would commonly be assumed to have been

created here;

here created:

yet the close affinity of most of these birds to American species →is manifest in every character, in their habits, gestures, and tones of

voice,

voice.

was

....

manifest.

....

So it is with the other animals, and with →a large proportion of the plants, as shown by Dr. Hooker in his admirable →OMIT Flora of this archipelago. The naturalist, looking at the inhabitants of these volcanic islands in the Pacific, distant several hundred miles from the continent,

yet

....

feels that he is standing on American land. Why should this be so? why should the species which are supposed to have been created in the Galapagos Archipelago, and nowhere else, bear so

plain

plainly

the

stamp of affinity to those created in America? There is nothing in the conditions of life, in the geological nature of the islands, in their height or climate, or in the proportions in which the several classes are associated together, which

resembles closely

closely resembles

the conditions of the South American coast: in

fact

fact,

there is a considerable dissimilarity in all

the foregoing

these

respects. On the other hand, there is a considerable degree of resemblance in the

volanic

volcanic

nature of the soil, in

climate,

the climate,

height, and size of the islands, between the Galapagos and Cape de Verde

Archipelagos:

Archipelagoes:

but what an entire and absolute difference in their inhabitants! The inhabitants of the Cape de Verde Islands are related to those of Africa, like those of the Galapagos to America. →Facts such as these, admit of no sort of explanation on the ordinary view of independent

creation;

creation:

whereas on the view here maintained, it is obvious that the Galapagos Islands would be likely to receive

colonists,

colonists

→from America, whether by occasional means of

trans- port

transport

or →(though I do not believe in this doctrine) by formerly continuous land,

from America;

....

~~and~~

and

the Cape de Verde Islands from Africa;

and that

....

such colonists would be liable to

modification;—

modification,—

the principle of inheritance still betraying their original birthplace.

Many analogous facts could be given: indeed it is an almost universal rule that the endemic productions of islands are related to those of the nearest continent, or of →the nearest large

islands.

island.

The exceptions are few, and most of them can be explained. Thus →although Kerguelen

Land,

Land

though standing

stands

nearer to Africa than to America, →the plants are related, and that very closely, as we know from Dr. Hooker's account, to those of America: but on the view that this island has been mainly stocked by seeds brought with earth and stones on icebergs, drifted by the prevailing currents, this anomaly disappears. New Zealand in its endemic plants is much more closely related to Australia, the nearest mainland, than