Origin of Species Variorum

→ have been stocked in part 1872

were long ago partially stocked 1859 1860 1861 1866

have been partially stocked 1869

→ during a warmer tertiary period, before 1869 1872

before 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ OMIT 1869 1872

and is at present inexplicable: 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ no doubt, 1872

I do not doubt, be 1859 1860

no doubt, be 1861 1866 1869

→ same law which has determined the relationship between 1869 1872

law which causes 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ islands and 1869 1872

an archi- pelago, though specifically distinct, to be closely allied to those of 1859 1866

an archipelago, though specifically distinct, to be closely allied to those of 1860 1861

→ mainland, is sometimes 1869 1872

continent, we sometimes see 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ and the fact is a marvellous one, by many distinct species: but these species are related to each other 1872

as I have elsewhere shown, 1859 1860 1861 1866

and the fact is a marvellous one, by distinct species; but these species are related 1869

→ very much closer manner than to 1872

quite marvellous manner, by very closely related species; so that 1859 1860 1861 1866

very much closer manner to each other than to 1869

→ the American continent, or of 1872

each separate island, though mostly distinct, are related in an incomparably closer degree to each other than to the inhabitants of 1859 1860 1861 1866

OMIT 1869

→ for islands 1869 1872

on my view, for the islands are 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ to each other 1872

each other that they 1859 1860 1861 1866

each other 1869

→ how is it that many 1869 1872

this dissimilarity between the endemic inhabitants 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ immigrants have been differently modified, though only in a small degree, in 1869 1872

islands may be used as an argument against my views; for it may be asked, how has it happened in the several 1859 1860 1861

islands may be used as an argument against my views; for it may be asked how has it happened in the several 1866

→ OMIT 1869 1872

for its inhabitants; 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ the species which inhabit 1869 1872

those inhabitants of 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ OMIT 1869 1872

(laying on one side for the moment the endemic species, which cannot be here fairly included, as we are considering how they have come to be modified since their arrival), 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ that they differ considerably 1869 1872

a considerable amount of difference 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ islands have 1869 1872

view of the islands having 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ island, though all proceeding from the same general source. 1869 1872

island. 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ first settled on one 1869 1872

settled on any one or more 1859 1860 1861 1866

to any other region: and this is what might have been expected; but it is also plainly related to South America, which, although the next nearest continent, is so enormously remote, that the fact becomes an anomaly. But this difficulty

almost

partially

disappears on the view that

both

....

New Zealand, South America, and

other

the other

southern lands →have been stocked in part from a nearly intermediate though distant point, namely from the antarctic islands, when they were clothed with vegetation, →during a warmer tertiary period, before the commencement of the

Glacial

last Glacial

period. The affinity,

which,

which

though feeble, I am assured by Dr. Hooker is real, between the flora of the south-western corner of Australia and of the Cape of Good Hope, is a far more remarkable

case,

case;

→OMIT but this affinity is confined to the plants, and will, →no doubt, some day

explained.

be explained.

The →same law which has determined the relationship between the inhabitants of →islands and the nearest →mainland, is sometimes displayed on a small scale,

yet

but

in a most interesting manner, within the limits of the same archipelago. Thus

the several

each separate

islands

island

of the Galapagos Archipelago

are

tenanted, →and the fact is a marvellous one, by many distinct species: but these species are related to each other in a →very much closer manner than to the inhabitants of →the American continent, or of any other

part

quarter

of the world.

And

....

this

This

just

....

what might have been

expected

expected,

→for islands situated so near →to each other would almost

certainly

necessarily

receive immigrants from the same original source,

and

from each other. But →how is it that many of the →immigrants have been differently modified, though only in a small degree, in islands situated within sight of each other, having the same geological nature, the same height, climate,

&c.,

&C.

that

many

the

immigrants

should

have

been

differently

modified,

though

only

small

degree.

degree?

....

This long appeared to me a great difficulty: but it arises in chief part from the deeply-seated error of considering the physical conditions of a country as the most

important

important;

→OMIT whereas it

cannot,

cannot

I think,

....

be disputed that the nature of the other

inhabitants,

inhabitants

species

with which each has to compete, is

least as important, and generally a far more important element of success. Now if we look to →the species which inhabit the Galapagos Archipelago

which

and

are

found

likewise found

in other parts of the

world

world,

→OMIT we find →that they differ considerably in the several islands. This difference might indeed have been expected

the →islands have been stocked by occasional means of transport— a seed, for instance, of one plant having been brought to one island, and that of another

plant,

plant

to another →island, though all proceeding from the same general source.

Hence

Hence,

when in former times an immigrant →first settled on one of the islands, or when it subsequently spread from one

island

....

to another, it would undoubtedly be exposed to different conditions