Origin of Species Variorum

→ and young birds hatched, 1869 1872

there 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ species of land-shells, 1869 1872

land-shells, 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ On the same continent, 1872

In many other instances, as in the several districts of the same continent, 1859 1860 1861 1866

OMIT 1869

→ the species which inhabit different districts with nearly 1869 1872

species under 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ physical conditions. 1872

conditions of life. 1859 1860 1861 1866

physical conditions on the same continent. 1869

→ plants; so it is, according to Mr. Bates, with the butterflies and other animals inhabiting the great, open, and continuous valley of the Amazons. 1872

plants. 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

→ same principle which governs 1869 1872

principle which determines 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ inhabitants 1869 1872

fauna and flora 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ the relation 1872

that the inhabitants, when not identically the same, yet are plainly related 1859 1860 1861 1866

their relation 1869

→ source 1869 1872

inhabitants of that region 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ most easily derived, together with their subsequent modification, 1869 1872

derived,— the colonists having been subsequently modified and better fitted to their new homes,— 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ species have become widely spread 1869 1872

forms, chiefly of plants, have spread widely throughout the world 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ belonging to American 1869 1872

American 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ allowed 1866 1872

given 1859 1860 1861

allowed many of 1869

→ forms to prevail throughout large portions of the 1872

general forms to the whole 1859 1860 1861

fresh-water productions to prevail throughout the 1866

species to prevail through large portions of the 1869

→ the 1859 1860 1866 1869 1872

some of the 1861

→ character of most of the blind 1866 1869 1872

blind 1859 1860 1861

may safely infer that Charles Island is well stocked with its own species, for annually more eggs are laid →and young birds hatched, than can possibly be reared; and we may infer that the mocking-thrush peculiar to Charles Island is at least as well fitted for its home as is the species peculiar to Chatham Island. Sir C. Lyell and Mr. Wollaston have communicated to me a remarkable fact bearing on this subject; namely, that

Maderia

Madeira

and the adjoining islet of Porto Santo possess many distinct but representative →species of land-shells, some of which live in crevices of stone; and although large quantities of stone are annually transported from Porto Santo to

Maderia,

Madeira,

yet this latter island has not become colonised by the Porto Santo species: nevertheless both islands have been colonised by

some

....

European land-shells, which no doubt had some advantage over the indigenous species. From these considerations I think we need not greatly marvel at the endemic

and representative

....

species,

species

which inhabit the several islands of the Galapagos Archipelago, not having

universally

all

spread from island to island. →On the same continent,

pre-occupation

Preoccupation

also, preoccupation

has

also probably

probably

played an important part in checking the commingling of →the species which inhabit different districts with nearly the same →physical conditions. Thus, the south-east and south-west corners of Australia have nearly the same physical conditions, and are united by continuous land, yet they are inhabited by a vast number of distinct mammals, birds, and →plants; so it is, according to Mr. Bates, with the butterflies and other animals inhabiting the great, open, and continuous valley of the Amazons.

The →same principle which governs the general character of the →inhabitants of oceanic islands, namely, →the relation to the →source whence colonists could

most readily

....

have been →most easily derived, together with their subsequent modification, is of the widest application throughout nature. We see this on every

mountain,

mountain-summit,

in every lake and marsh. For Alpine species, excepting in

far as the same →species have become widely spread during the

recent

....

Glacial epoch, are related to those of the surrounding

lowlands;—

lowlands;

thus we have in South America, Alpine humming-birds, Alpine rodents, Alpine

plants,&c.,

plants, &c.,

all

of strictly

strictly of

strictly

→belonging to American

forms,

forms;

and it is obvious that a mountain, as it became slowly upheaved, would

naturally

....

be colonised from the surrounding lowlands. So it is with the inhabitants of lakes and marshes, excepting in so far

that

great facility of transport has →allowed the same →forms to prevail throughout large portions of the world. We see this same principle in →the →character of most of the blind animals inhabiting the caves of America and of Europe. Other analogous facts could be given.