Origin of Species Variorum

↑ 1 blocks not present in 1859 1860 1861 1872; present in 1866 1869

The simple filamentary limbs of the Lepidosiren apparently are in a nascent state; for, as Owen has remarked, they are the "beginnings of organs which attain full functional development in higher vertebrates."

→ the udders of a 1869 1872

the udder of a 1860 1861

those of the 1866

→ OMIT 1872

are only slightly developed and which 1860 1861 1866 1869

→ and are feebly developed, are 1872

are 1860 1861 1866 1869

→ in the individuals of the same species 1860 1861 1866 1872

OMIT 1869

→ the degree of their 1872

degree of 1860 1861 1866

OMIT 1869

→ respects. 1860 1861 1866 1872

respects in the individuals of the same species. 1869

→ also, the extent 1872

the degree 1860 1861 1866 1869

→ belonging to the same family. 1872

in certain groups. 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

→ in certain 1869 1872

we find in an 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ parts are entirely absent 1869 1872

no trace of an organ, 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ in them, and which are 1872

and which is 1859 1860 1861 1866

and which are 1869

→ most of the Scrophulariaceæ the 1869 1872

the snapdragon (antirrhinum) we generally do not find a rudiment of a 1859 1860 1861

some Scrophulariaceæ we rarely find even a rudiment of a 1866

→ is utterly aborted; yet we may conclude that a fifth stamen once existed, for a rudiment of it is found in many species of the family, and this rudiment occasionally becomes perfectly developed, as may sometimes 1872

but this may sometimes 1859 1860 1861 1866

is utterly aborted; yet we may conclude that a fifth stamen once existed, for a rudiment of it is found in many species of the family, and this rudiment occasionally becomes perfectly developed, as may 1869

→ seen in the common snap-dragon. 1869 1872

seen. 1859 1860 1861

seen plainly or fully developed. 1866

→ or, in order fully to understand the relations of the parts, more useful 1872

or more necessary, 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

→ than the 1872

than the use and 1859 1860 1861 1866

in order fully to understand the relations of the parts, than the 1869

→ OMIT 1872

leg of the 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

→ in the embryo relatively to the adjoining parts, 1872

relatively to the adjoining parts in the embryo, 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

is truly rudimentary. ↑ Owen considers the simple filamentary limbs of the Lepidosiren as the "beginnings of organs which attain full functional development in higher vertebrates;" but, according to the view lately advocated by Dr. Günther, they are probably remnants, consisting of the persistent axis of a fin, with the lateral rays or branches aborted. The mammary

glands

glans

of the

Ornitho-rhynchus

Ornithorhynchus

may,

may

perhaps,

probably,

....

be considered, in comparison with →the udders of a cow, as in a nascent

state.

condition.

The ovigerous frena of certain cirripedes, which →OMIT have ceased to give attachment to the

ova,

ova

→and are feebly developed, are nascent branchiæ. Rudimentary organs →in the individuals of the same species are very liable to vary in →the degree of their development and in other →respects.

Moreover, in

closely allied species, →also, the extent to which the same organ has been

rendered rudimentary

reduced

occasionally differs much. This latter fact is well exemplified in the state of the wings

of the

female moths →belonging to the same family. Rudimentary organs may be utterly aborted; and this implies, that →in certain

animal

animals

plant

plants,

→parts are entirely absent which analogy would lead us to expect to

find,

find

→in them, and which are occasionally found in monstrous

individuals

the

species.

Thus in →most of the Scrophulariaceæ the fifth

stamen;

stamen

→is utterly aborted; yet we may conclude that a fifth stamen once existed, for a rudiment of it is found in many species of the family, and this rudiment occasionally becomes perfectly developed, as may sometimes be →seen in the common snap-dragon. In tracing the homologies of

the same

any

part in different

mem- bers

members

the same

class, nothing is more common, →or, in order fully to understand the relations of the parts, more useful →than the discovery of rudiments. This is well shown in the drawings given by Owen of the

bones

leg-bones

of the →OMIT horse, ox, and rhinoceros.

It is an important fact that rudimentary organs, such as teeth in the upper jaws of whales and ruminants, can often be detected in the embryo, but afterwards wholly disappear. It is also, I believe, a universal rule, that a rudimentary part

or organ

....

is of greater size →in the embryo relatively to the adjoining parts, than in the adult; so that the organ at this early age is less rudimentary, or even cannot be said to be in any degree rudimentary.

Hence,

Hence

also, a

....

rudimentary

organ

organs

in the

adult,

adult