Origin of Species Variorum

→ widely separated formations. 1869 1872

formations distant from each other in time. 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ as far as I can see, may 1872

can 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

→ are by no means sufficient to 1872

do not 1859 1860 1861 1866

are not 1869

→ overthrow 1859 1860 1861 1866 1872

sufficient to overthrow 1869

→ with 1859 1869 1872

from a few created forms with subsequent 1860

from a few primordial forms with subsequent 1861 1866

→ variability, caused, or at least excited, by changed conditions of life; but often in so obscure a manner, that we are tempted to consider the variations as spontaneous. 1872

variability. 1859 1860 1861 1866

variability, caused, or at least excited, by changed conditions of life. 1869

↑ 1 blocks not present in 1869 1872; present in 1859 1860 1861 1866

This seems to be mainly due to the reproductive system being eminently susceptible to changes in the conditions of life; so that this system, when not rendered impotent, fails to reproduce offspring exactly like the parent-form.

→ compensation, the increased 1872

by 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

→ of parts, and the definite 1872

and by the direct 1859 1860 1861 1866

and by the definite 1869

→ under domestication for a very long period; nor do we know that it ever ceases, for 1872

for 1859 1860 1861 1866

under domestication for a very long period; for 1869

→ caused by man; 1872

produce variability; 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

→ it to vary. 1872

variability. 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

changed slowly and in a graduated manner. We clearly see this in the fossil remains from consecutive formations invariably being much more closely related to each other, than are the fossils from →widely separated formations.

Such is the sum of the several chief objections and difficulties which may

justly be

be justly

urged against

the

theory; and I have now briefly recapitulated the answers and explanations

which

which,

→as far as I can see, may be

given

given.

....

them.

....

I have felt these difficulties far too heavily during many years to doubt their weight. But it deserves especial notice that the more important objections relate to questions on which we are confessedly ignorant; nor do we know how ignorant we are. We do not know all the possible transitional gradations between the simplest and the most perfect organs; it cannot be pretended that we know all the varied means of Distribution during the long lapse of years, or that we know how imperfect

the

is the

Geological

Record

Record.

is.

....

Grave

Serious

as these several

difficulties

objections

are, in my judgment they →are by no means sufficient to →overthrow the theory of descent →with

modification.

subsequent modification.

Now let us turn to the other side of the argument. Under domestication we see much →variability, caused, or at least excited, by changed conditions of life; but often in so obscure a manner, that we are tempted to consider the variations as spontaneous. ↑

This variability

Variability

is governed by many complex laws,— by

correlation

correlation,

correlated

of growth,

~~growth,~~

growth,

→compensation, the increased use and

disuse,

disuse

→of parts, and the definite action of the

physical

conditions

life.

There is much difficulty in ascertaining how

much modification

largely

our domestic productions have

undergone;

been modified;

but we may safely infer that the amount has been large, and that modifications can be inherited for long periods. As long as the conditions of life remain the same, we have reason to believe that a modification, which has already been inherited for many generations, may continue to be inherited for an almost infinite number of generations. On the other

hand

hand,

we have evidence that

variability,

variability

when it has once come into play, does not

wholly

....

cease;

cease

→under domestication for a very long period; nor do we know that it ever ceases, for new varieties are still occasionally produced by our

most anciently

oldest

domesticated productions.

Man does

Variability is

not actually →caused by man; he only unintentionally exposes organic beings to new conditions of life, and then nature acts on the

organisation,

organisation

and causes →it to vary. But man can and does select the variations given to him by nature, and thus

accumulate

accumulates

them in any desired manner. He thus adapts animals and plants for his own benefit or pleasure. He may do this