Origin of Species Variorum

→ or pleasing to him 1869 1872

to him at the time, 1859 1860

to him at the time 1861

to him 1866

→ by an educated 1869 1872

uneducated 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ rapid increase of many animals and plants during 1860 1861 1866 1869 1872

effects of 1859

→ and when naturalised in new countries. 1872

and by the results of naturalisation, as explained in the third chapter. 1859

or when naturalised in a new country. 1860 1861 1866

and when naturalised in a new country. 1869

→ other hand the struggle 1869 1872

struggle 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ long run, turn the balance. 1872

balance. 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

→ be in most cases 1869 1872

in most cases be 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ the males having 1866 1869 1872

having 1859 1860 1861

→ charms; and a slight 1869 1872

on the charms of the males; and the slightest 1859 1860 1861

on their charms; and the slighest 1866

methodically, or he may do it unconsciously by preserving the individuals most useful →or pleasing to him without any

thought

intention

of altering the breed. It is certain that he can largely influence the character of a breed by selecting, in each successive generation, individual differences so slight as to be

quite

....

inappreciable

by an

except

→by an educated eye. This

process

unconscious process

of selection has been the great agency in the

production

formation

of the most distinct and useful domestic breeds. That many

of the

....

breeds produced by man have to a large extent the character of natural species, is shown by the inextricable doubts whether

very

....

many of them are varieties or

aboriginal

aboriginally

species.

distinct species.

There is no

obvious

....

reason why the principles which have acted so efficiently under domestication should not

act

have acted

under nature. In the

preservation

survival

of favoured individuals and races, during the constantly-recurrent Struggle for Existence, we see

the most

powerful and ever-acting

means

form

selection.

Selection.

The struggle for existence inevitably follows from the high geometrical ratio of increase which is common to all organic beings. This high rate of increase is proved by

calculation,

calculation,—

by the →rapid increase of many animals and plants during a succession of peculiar seasons, →and when naturalised in new countries. More individuals are born than can possibly survive. A grain in the balance

will

may

determine which

individual

individuals

shall live and which shall die,— which variety or species shall increase in number, and which shall decrease, or finally become extinct. As the

indi- viduals

individuals

of the same species come in all respects into the closest competition with each other, the struggle will generally be most severe between them; it will be almost equally severe between the varieties of the same species, and next in severity between the species of the same genus.

But

the →other hand the struggle will often be

very

....

severe between

being

beings

most

....

remote in the scale of nature. The slightest advantage in

one being,

certain individuals,

at any age or during any season, over those with which

they

comes

come

into competition, or better adaptation in however slight a degree to the surrounding physical conditions,

will

will,

turn

the →long run, turn the balance.

With animals having separated

sexes

sexes,

there will →be in most cases a struggle between the males for

possession

the possession

of the females. The most vigorous

individuals,

males,

or those which have most successfully struggled with their conditions of life, will generally leave most progeny. But success will often depend on →the males having special

weapons

weapons,

or means of defence, or →charms; and a slight advantage will lead to victory.

As geology plainly proclaims that each land has undergone great