Origin of Species Variorum

→ created and specially 1869 1872

specially created and 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ as in the case even 1872

and if some 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

→ human eye; or if some of them be 1872

be 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

→ when used against an enemy, causing 1872

causing 1859 1860 1861 1866

when used against an enemy often causing 1869

→ and being then 1859 1869 1872

with the great majority 1860 1861 1866

→ the production of varieties 1872

variation 1859 1860 1861 1866

acknowledged variations 1869

→ distinct species. 1872

so-called specific forms. 1859 1860 1861 1866

so-called specific differences. 1869

→ some direct and definite effect, but how much we cannot say. 1869 1872

but little direct effect; yet when varieties enter any zone, they occasionally assume some of the characters of the species proper to that zone. 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ hybrids! How simply is this fact explained if we believe that these species are all descended from a striped progenitor, in the same manner as the several domestic breeds of the pigeon are descended from the blue and barred rock-pigeon! 1872

hybrids! 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

↑ 1 blocks not present in 1872; present in 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

How simply is this fact explained if we believe that these species have descended from a striped progenitor, in the same manner as the several domestic breeds of pigeon have descended from the blue and barred rock-pigeon!

inhabitants

species

of any one country, although on the ordinary view supposed to have been →created and specially adapted for that country, being beaten and supplanted by the naturalised productions from another land.

Nor

ought we to marvel if all the contrivances in nature be not, as far as we can judge, absolutely

perfect;

perfect,

→as in the case even of

them

the

→human eye; or if some of them be abhorrent to our ideas of fitness. We need not marvel at the sting of the

bee

bee,

→when used against an enemy, causing the

bees

bee's

own death; at drones being produced in such

vast

great

numbers for one single act, →and being then slaughtered by their sterile sisters; at the astonishing waste of pollen by our fir-trees; at the instinctive hatred of the

queen bee

queen-bee

for her own fertile daughters; at ichneumonidæ feeding within the

live

living

bodies of caterpillars;

and

at other such cases. The wonder indeed is, on the theory of natural selection, that more cases of the want of absolute perfection have not been

observed.

detected.

The complex and little known laws governing →the production of varieties are the same, as far as we can

see,

judge,

with the laws which have governed the production of →distinct species. In both cases physical conditions seem to have produced →some direct and definite effect, but how much we cannot say.

Thus

Thus,

when varieties enter any new station, they occasionally assume some of the characters proper to the species of that station.

With

both varieties and species, use and disuse seem to have produced

some

a considerable

effect; for it is

difficult

impossible

to resist this

con-

....

clusion

conclusion

when we look, for instance, at the logger-headed duck, which has wings incapable of flight, in nearly the same condition as in the domestic duck; or when we look at the burrowing

tucutucu,

tucu-tucu,

which is occasionally blind, and then at certain moles, which are habitually blind and have their eyes covered with skin; or when we look at the blind animals inhabiting the dark caves of America and Europe.

In both

With

varieties and

species

species,

correlation

correlated

of growth

variation

seems to have played

a most

important part, so that when one part has been modified other parts

are

have been

necessarily modified.

With

both varieties and

species

species,

reversions to long-lost characters

occur.

occasionally occur.

How inexplicable on the theory of creation is the

variable

occasional

appearance of stripes on the

shoulder

shoulders

and legs of the several species of the horse-genus and

their →hybrids! How simply is this fact explained if we believe that these species are all descended from a striped progenitor, in the same manner as the several domestic breeds of the pigeon are descended from the blue and barred rock-pigeon! ↑

On the ordinary view of each species having been independently created, why should

the

....

specific

charac- ters,

characters,

or those by which