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1 blocks not present in 1866 1869 1872; present in 1859 1860 1861
Hence more new places will be formed, and the competition to fill them will be more severe, on a large than on a small and isolated area.

OMIT 1872
owing to oscillations of level, 1859 1860 1861
owing to former oscillations of level, 1866 1869

owing to former oscillations of level, have 1872
have recently 1859 1860 1861
have 1866 1869

the greatest number of 1872
most 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

In accordance with this view, we 1872
We 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

OMIT 1872
on these views, 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

productions of the smaller 1872
smaller 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

OMIT 1872
have formerly yielded, and apparently are 1859 1860 1861 1866
are 1869

islands. 1859 1861 1866 1869 1872
islands. On a small island, the race for life will have been less severe, and there will have been less modification and less exter- mination. 1860

On a small island, the race for life will have been less severe, and there will have been less modification and less extermination. 1861 1866 1869 1872
On a small island, the race for life will have been less severe, and there will have been less modification and less exter- mination. 1859
Hence, perhaps, it comes that the flora of Madeira, according to Oswald Heer, resembles the extinct tertiary flora of Europe. 1860

Hence, we can understand how it is that the flora of Madeira, according to Oswald Heer, resembles to a certain extent the extinct tertiary flora of Europe. 1872
Hence, perhaps, it comes that the flora of Madeira, according to Oswald Heer, resembles the extinct tertiary flora of Europe. 1859 1861 1866
All fresh-water basins, taken together, make a small area compared with that of the sea or of the land; and, consequently, the competition between fresh-water productions will have been less severe than elsewhere; new forms will have been more slowly formed, and old forms more slowly exterminated. 1860
Hence, perhaps, it is that the flora of Madeira, according to Oswald Heer, resembles the extinct tertiary flora of Europe. 1869

All fresh-water basins, taken together, make a small area compared with that 1859 1861 1866 1869 1872
And it is in fresh water that we find seven genera of Ganoid fishes, remnants of a once preponderant order: and in fresh water we find some 1860

sea or of the land. Consequently, the competition between fresh-water productions will have been less severe than elsewhere; new forms will have been then more slowly produced, and old forms more slowly exterminated. 1872
sea or of the land; and, consequently, the competition between fresh-water productions will have been less severe than elsewhere; new forms will have been more slowly formed, and old forms more slowly exterminated. 1859 1861 1866 1869
most anomalous forms now known in the world, as the Ornithorhynchus and Lepidosiren, which, like fossils, connect to a certain extent orders now widely separated in the natural scale. 1860

And it is in fresh-water basins that we find seven genera of Ganoid fishes, remnants of a once preponderant order: and in fresh water we find some of the most 1872
And it is in fresh water that we find seven genera of Ganoid fishes, remnants of a once preponderant order: and in fresh water we find some of the most 1859 1861 1866 1869
These 1860

now known in the world, as the Ornithorhynchus and Lepidosiren, which, like fossils, connect to a certain extent orders at present widely sundered in the natural scale. 1872
now known in the world, as the Ornithorhynchus and Lepidosiren, which, like fossils, connect to a certain extent orders now widely separated in the natural scale. 1859 1861 1866
may almost be called living fossils; they have endured to the present day, from having inhabited a confined area, and from having thus been exposed to less severe competition. 1860
now known in the world, as the Ornithorhynchus and Lepidosiren, which, like fossils, connect to a certain extent orders at present widely separated in the natural scale. 1869

better chance of favourable
variations
variations,
arising from the large number of individuals of the same species there supported, but the conditions of life are
infinitely
much more
complex from the large number of already existing species; and if some of these many species become modified and improved, others will have to be improved in a corresponding
degree
degree,
or they will be exterminated. Each new form, also, as soon as it has been much improved, will be able to spread over the open and continuous area, and will thus come into competition with many
others.
other forms.
More-over,
Moreover,
great areas, though now continuous, OMIT will
often
often,
owing to former oscillations of level, have existed in a broken
condition,
condition;
so that the good effects of isolation will generally, to a certain extent, have concurred. Finally, I conclude that, although small isolated areas
probably
....
have been in some respects highly favourable for the production of new species, yet that the course of modification will generally have been more rapid on large areas; and what is more important, that the new forms produced on large areas, which already have been victorious over many competitors, will be those that will spread most widely,
will
and will
give rise to the greatest number of new varieties and
species,
species.
and
They
will thus play
an
the most
a more
important part in the changing history of the organic world.
In accordance with this view, we can, perhaps, OMIT understand some facts which will be again alluded to in our chapter on
geographical
Geographical
distribution;
Distribution;
for instance,
that
....
the
productions
fact
of the productions of the smaller continent of Australia OMIT now
yielding,
yielding
before those of the larger Europæo-Asiatic area. Thus, also, it is that continental productions have everywhere become so largely naturalised on islands. On a small island, the race for life will have been less severe, and there will have been less modification and less extermination. Hence, we can understand how it is that the flora of Madeira, according to Oswald Heer, resembles to a certain extent the extinct tertiary flora of Europe. All fresh-water basins, taken together, make a small area compared with that of the sea or of the land. Consequently, the competition between fresh-water productions will have been less severe than elsewhere; new forms will have been then more slowly produced, and old forms more slowly exterminated. And it is in fresh-water basins that we find seven genera of Ganoid fishes, remnants of a once preponderant order: and in fresh water we find some of the most anomalous forms now known in the world, as the Ornithorhynchus and Lepidosiren, which, like fossils, connect to a certain extent orders at present widely sundered in the natural scale. These anomalous forms may
almost
....
be called living fossils; they have endured to the present day, from having inhabited a