Comparison with 1866 |
|
....... 1861 1866 1869 1872 | probably 1859 1860 |
elapsed between our consecutive formations,— longer perhaps in
many many 1861 1866 1869 1872 | some 1859 | most 1860 |
cases than the time required for the accumulation of each formation. These intervals will have given time for the multiplication of species from some one or some few
parent-forms;
and in the succeeding formation
such
groups of species groups of species 1861 1866 1869 |
species 1859 1860 |
groups or species 1872 |
will appear as if suddenly created. |
|
I may here recall a remark formerly made,
namely, namely, 1861 1866 1869 1872 | namely 1859 1860 |
that it might require a long succession of ages to adapt an organism to some new and peculiar line of life, for
instance, instance, 1861 1866 1869 1872 | instance 1859 1860 |
to fly through the air;
and consequently that the transitional forms would often long remain confined to some one region; but and consequently that the transitional forms would often long remain confined to some one region; but 1861 1866 1869 1872 |
but 1859 1860 |
that, that, 1866 1869 1872 | that 1859 1860 1861 |
when this
adaptation had once adaptation had once 1861 1866 1869 1872 |
had 1859 1860 |
been effected, and a few species had thus acquired a great advantage over other organisms, a comparatively short time would be necessary to produce many divergent forms, which would be able to
spread rapidly and widely throughout the world. Professor Pictet, in his excellent Review of this work, in commenting on early transitional forms, and taking birds as an illustration, cannot see how the successive modifications of the anterior limbs of a supposed prototype could possibly have been of any advantage. But look at the penguins of the Southern Ocean; have not these birds their front limbs in this precise intermediate state of "neither
true arms nor true wings"? Yet these birds hold their place victoriously in the battle for life; for they exist in infinite numbers and of many kinds. I do not sup- pose
that we here see the real transitional grade
through which the wings of birds have passed; but what special difficulty is there in believing that it might profit the modified descendants of the penguin, first to become enabled to flap along the surface of the sea like the logger-headed duck, and ultimately to rise from its surface and glide through the air? |
|
I will now give a few examples to illustrate
the foregoing the foregoing 1861 1866 1869 1872 | these 1859 1860 |
remarks, remarks, 1860 1861 1866 1869 1872 | remarks; 1859 |
and to show how liable we are to error in supposing that whole groups of species have suddenly been produced. Even in so short an interval as that between the first and second editions of Pictet's
great work on Palæontology, published in 1844-46 and in
1853-57, the conclusions on the first appearance and disappearance of several groups of animals have been considerably modified; and a third edition would require still further changes. I may recall the well-known fact that in geological treatises, published not many years ago,
the whole class of mammals was the whole class of mammals was 1861 1866 |
the great class of mammals was 1859 1860 |
mammals were 1869 1872 |
always spoken of as having abruptly come in at the commencement of the tertiary series. And now one of the richest known accumulations of fossil
mammals, mammals, 1860 1861 1866 1869 | mammals 1859 1872 |
for its thickness, belongs for its thickness, belongs 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
belongs 1859 1872 |
to the middle of the secondary series; and
....... 1866 1869 1872 | one 1859 1860 1861 |
true
mammals mammals 1866 1869 1872 | mammal 1859 1860 1861 |
have have 1866 1869 1872 | has 1859 1860 1861 |
been discovered in the new red sandstone at nearly the commencement of this great
series. Cuvier used to urge that no monkey occurred in any tertiary stratum; but now extinct species have been discovered in India, South America, and in Europe, as far back as the miocene stage. series. Cuvier used to urge that no monkey occurred in any tertiary stratum; but now extinct species have been discovered in India, South America, and in Europe, as far back as the miocene stage. 1866 |
series. 1859 1860 1861 1869 1872 |
|
Text in this page (from paragraph 4000, sentence 400 to paragraph 4000, sentence 500, word 38) is not present in 1866 |
probably probably 1859 1860 | probably 1861 1866 1869 1872 |
elapsed between our consecutive formations,— longer perhaps in
some some 1859 | most 1860 | many 1861 1866 1869 1872 |
cases than the time required for the accumulation of each formation. These intervals will have given time for the multiplication of species from some one
or some few or some few 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
OMIT 1872 |
parent-forms; parent-forms; 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | parent-form: 1872 |
and in the succeeding
formation formation 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | formation, 1872 |
such
species species 1859 1860 |
groups of species 1861 1866 1869 |
groups or species 1872 |
will appear as if suddenly created. |
|
I may here recall a remark formerly made,
namely namely 1859 1860 | namely, 1861 1866 1869 1872 |
that it might require a long succession of ages to adapt an organism to some new and peculiar line of life, for
instance instance 1859 1860 | instance, 1861 1866 1869 1872 |
to fly through the air;
but but 1859 1860 |
and consequently that the transitional forms would often long remain confined to some one region; but 1861 1866 1869 1872 |
that that 1859 1860 1861 | that, 1866 1869 1872 |
when this
had had 1859 1860 |
adaptation had once 1861 1866 1869 1872 |
been effected, and a few species had thus acquired a great advantage over other organisms, a comparatively short time would be necessary to produce many divergent forms, which would
be able to be able to 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
OMIT 1869 1872 |
spread rapidly and widely throughout the world. ↑4 blocks not present in 1859 1860; present in 1861 1866 1869 1872 | Professor Pictet, in his excellent Review of this work, in commenting on early transitional forms, and taking birds as an illustration, cannot see how the successive modifications of the anterior limbs of a supposed prototype could possibly have been of any advantage.
But look at the penguins of the Southern Ocean; have not these birds their front limbs in this precise intermediate state of "neither
true arms nor true wings"?
Yet these birds hold their place victoriously in the battle for life; for they exist in infinite numbers and of many kinds.
I do not sup- pose
that we here see the real transitional grade
through which the wings of birds have passed; but what special difficulty is there in believing that it might profit the modified descendants of the penguin, first to become enabled to flap along the surface of the sea like the logger-headed duck, and ultimately to rise from its surface and glide through the air?
|
|
|
I will now give a few examples to illustrate
these these 1859 1860 | the foregoing 1861 1866 1869 1872 |
remarks; remarks; 1859 | remarks, 1860 1861 1866 1869 1872 |
and to show how liable we are to error in supposing that whole groups of species have suddenly been produced. ↑1 blocks not present in 1859 1860; present in 1861 1866 1869 1872 | Even in so short an interval as that between the first and second editions of Pictet's
great work on Palæontology, published in 1844-46 and in
1853-57, the conclusions on the first appearance and disappearance of several groups of animals have been considerably modified; and a third edition would require still further changes.
|
I may recall the well-known fact that in geological treatises, published not many years ago,
the great class of mammals was the great class of mammals was 1859 1860 |
the whole class of mammals was 1861 1866 |
mammals were 1869 1872 |
always spoken of as having abruptly come in at the commencement of the tertiary series. And now one of the richest known accumulations of fossil
mammals mammals 1859 1872 | mammals, 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
belongs belongs 1859 1872 |
for its thickness, belongs 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
to the middle of the secondary series; and
one one 1859 1860 1861 | one 1866 1869 1872 |
true
mammal mammal 1859 1860 1861 | mammals 1866 1869 1872 |
has has 1859 1860 1861 | have 1866 1869 1872 |
been discovered in the new red sandstone at nearly the commencement of this great
series. series. 1859 1860 1861 1869 1872 |
series. Cuvier used to urge that no monkey occurred in any tertiary stratum; but now extinct species have been discovered in India, South America, and in Europe, as far back as the miocene stage. 1866 |
Cuvier used to urge that no monkey occurred in any tertiary stratum; but now extinct species have been discovered in India, South America, and in
Europe Europe 1859 1860 1861 | Europe, 1869 1872 |
even even 1859 1860 1861 | even 1869 1872 |
as far back as the
eocene eocene 1859 1860 1861 | miocene 1869 1872 |
stage.
The most striking case, however, is that of the Whale family; as these animals have huge bones, are marine, and range over the world, the fact of not a single bone of a whale having been discovered in
|