In this chapter I have attempted to show, that the
subordination subordination 1859 1860 1861 1866 | arrangement 1869 1872 |
of
group to group in all organisms group to group in all organisms 1859 1860 1861 |
group to group in all organic beings 1866 |
all organic beings 1869 1872 |
throughout all
time; time; 1859 1860 1861 1866 | time 1869 1872 |
that that 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
in group under group— that 1869 |
in groups under groups— that 1872 |
the nature of the
relationship, relationship, 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | relationships 1872 |
by which all living and extinct
beings beings 1859 1860 1861 | organisms 1866 1869 1872 |
are united by complex, radiating, and circuitous lines of affinities
into one grand system; into one grand system; 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
in a few grand classes,— 1869 |
into a few grand classes,— 1872 |
the rules followed and the difficulties encountered by naturalists in their
classifications; classifications; 1859 1860 1861 1866 | classifications,— 1869 1872 |
the value set upon characters, if constant and prevalent, whether of high
vital importance, or of vital importance, or of 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
or 1869 |
or of 1872 |
the most trifling importance, or, as
in in 1859 1860 1861 1866 | with 1869 1872 |
rudimentary organs, of no
importance; importance; 1859 1860 1861 1866 | importance,— 1869 1872 |
the wide opposition in value between analogical or adaptive characters, and characters of true affinity; and other such rules;— all naturally follow
on the view of on the view of 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
if we admit 1869 1872 |
the common parentage of
those those 1859 1860 1861 1866 | allied 1869 1872 |
forms forms 1859 1860 1861 1866 | forms, 1869 1872 |
which are considered by naturalists as allied, which are considered by naturalists as allied, 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
OMIT 1869 1872 |
together with their modification through
natural natural 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
variation and natural 1872 |
selection, with
its its 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | the 1872 |
contingencies of extinction and divergence of character. In considering this view of classification, it should be borne in mind that the element of descent has been universally used in ranking together the sexes, ages,
and and 1859 1860 1861 |
dimorphic states, and 1866 |
dimorphic forms, and 1869 1872 |
acknowledged varieties of the same species, however
different different 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | much 1872 |
they may
be be 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
differ from each other 1872 |
in structure. If we extend the use of this element of descent,— the
only only 1859 1860 1861 1866 | one 1869 1872 |
certainly known cause of similarity in organic beings,— we shall understand what is meant by the
natural natural 1859 1860 1861 1866 | Natural 1869 1872 |
system: system: 1859 1860 1861 1866 | System: 1869 1872 |
it is genealogical in its attempted arrangement,
with with 1859 1860 1861 1869 1872 | and 1866 |
the grades of acquired difference
marked marked 1859 1860 1861 1869 1872 | are marked 1866 |
by the
terms terms 1859 1860 1861 1866 | terms, 1869 1872 |
varieties, species, genera, families, orders, and classes. |