Comparison with 1866 |
|
....... 1866 1869 | those 1859 1860 1861 1872 |
which range
widely, widely, 1861 1866 1869 1872 | widely 1859 1860 |
are are 1861 1866 1869 1872 | over 1859 1860 |
the
...OMIT 1861 1866 1869 1872 |
world, are the 1859 1860 |
most diffused in their own country, and are the most numerous in
individuals,—which individuals,—which 1866 1869 | individuals,— 1859 1860 1861 1872 |
....... 1866 1869 | which 1859 1860 1861 1872 |
oftenest produce well-marked varieties, or, as I consider them, incipient species. And this, perhaps, might have been anticipated; for, as varieties, in order to become in any degree permanent, necessarily have to struggle with the other inhabitants of the country, the species which are already dominant will be the most likely to yield
offspring, offspring, 1860 1861 1866 1869 1872 | offspring 1859 |
which, though in some slight degree modified,
....... 1860 1861 1866 1869 1872 | will 1859 |
still inherit those advantages that enabled their parents to become dominant over their compatriots. In these remarks on predominance, it should be understood that reference is made only to those
forms which come into competition with each other, and more especially to the members of the same genus or class having nearly similar habits of life. With respect to commonness or
the number of individuals of any
species, the comparison of course relates only to the members of the same group. A
plant
may be said to be dominant if it be more numerous in individuals and more widely diffused than the other plants of the same country, not living under widely different conditions of life. Such a plant
is not the less dominant in the sense here used,
because some conferva inhabiting the water or some parasitic fungus is infinitely more numerous in individuals
and more widely diffused;
if one kind of
conferva
or parasitic fungus exceeded
its allies in the above respects, it would be a dominant form
within its own class. |
Species
of
the
Larger
Genera
in
each
Country
vary
more
frequently
than
the
Species
of
the
Smaller
Genera.
|
If the plants inhabiting a country
and
described in any Flora
be divided into two equal masses, all those in the larger genera being
placed on one side, and all those in the smaller genera on the other side, a
somewhat larger number of the very common and much diffused or dominant species
will be found on the side of the larger genera.
This,
again,
might have been anticipated; for the mere fact of many species of the same genus inhabiting any country, shows that there is something in the organic or inorganic conditions of that country favourable to the genus; and, consequently, we might have expected to have found in the larger genera, or those including many species, a large
proportional number of dominant species. But so many causes tend to obscure this result, that I am surprised that my tables show even a small majority on the side of the larger genera. I will here allude to only two causes of obscurity. Fresh-water
and salt-loving plants have generally
very wide ranges and are much diffused, but this seems to be connected with the nature of the stations inhabited by them, and has little or no relation to the size of the genera to which the species belong. Again, plants low in the scale of organisation are
|
those those 1859 1860 1861 1872 | those 1866 1869 |
which range
widely widely 1859 1860 | widely, 1861 1866 1869 1872 |
over over 1859 1860 | are 1861 1866 1869 1872 |
the
world, are the world, are the 1859 1860 |
OMIT 1861 1866 1869 1872 |
most diffused in their own country, and are the most numerous in
individuals,— individuals,— 1859 1860 1861 1872 | individuals,—which 1866 1869 |
which which 1859 1860 1861 1872 | which 1866 1869 |
oftenest produce well-marked varieties, or, as I consider them, incipient species. And this, perhaps, might have been anticipated; for, as varieties, in order to become in any degree permanent, necessarily have to struggle with the other inhabitants of the country, the species which are already dominant will be the most likely to yield
offspring offspring 1859 | offspring, 1860 1861 1866 1869 1872 |
which, though in some slight degree modified,
will will 1859 | will 1860 1861 1866 1869 1872 |
still inherit those advantages that enabled their parents to become dominant over their compatriots. ↑4 blocks not present in 1859 1860; present in 1861 1866 1869 1872 | In these remarks on predominance, it should be understood that reference is made only to those
forms which come into competition with each other, and more especially to the members of the same genus or class having nearly similar habits of life.
With respect to commonness or
the number of individuals of any
species, the comparison of course relates only to the members of the same group.
A
plant
may be said to be dominant if it be more numerous in individuals and more widely diffused than the other plants of the same country, not living under widely different conditions of life.
Such a plant
is not the less dominant in the sense here used,
because some conferva inhabiting the water or some parasitic fungus is infinitely more numerous in individuals
and more widely diffused;
if one kind of
conferva
or parasitic fungus exceeded
its allies in the above respects, it would be a dominant form
within its own class.
|
↑Subtitle not present 1859 1860 1861 |
Species
of
the
Larger
Genera
in
each
Country
vary
more
frequently
than
the
Species
of
the
Smaller
Genera. 1866 1869 1872 |
|
If the plants inhabiting a
country country 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | country, 1872 |
and and 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | as 1872 |
described in any
Flora Flora 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | Flora, 1872 |
be divided into two equal masses, all those in the larger genera
being being 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
(
i.e.,
those including many species) being
1869 |
(
i.e.
, those including many species) being
1872 |
placed on one side, and all those in the smaller genera on the other side,
a a 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
the former will be found to include a 1872 |
somewhat larger number of the very common and much diffused or dominant
species species 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | species. 1872 |
will will 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | will 1872 |
be be 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | be 1872 |
found found 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | found 1872 |
on on 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | on 1872 |
the the 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | the 1872 |
side side 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | side 1872 |
of of 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | of 1872 |
the the 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | the 1872 |
larger larger 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | larger 1872 |
genera. genera. 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | genera. 1872 |
This, This, 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | This 1872 |
again, again, 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | again, 1872 |
might have been anticipated; for the mere fact of many species of the same genus inhabiting any country, shows that there is something in the organic or inorganic conditions of that country favourable to the genus; and, consequently, we might have expected to have found in the larger genera, or those including many species, a
large large 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | larger 1872 |
proportional number of dominant species. But so many causes tend to obscure this result, that I am surprised that my tables show even a small majority on the side of the larger genera. I will here allude to only two causes of obscurity.
Fresh-water Fresh-water 1859 1860 1861 1866 1872 | Freshwater 1869 |
and salt-loving plants
have generally have generally 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | generally have 1872 |
very wide ranges and are much diffused, but this seems to be connected with the nature of the stations inhabited by them, and has little or no relation to the size of the genera to which the species belong. Again, plants low in the scale of organisation are
|