were
the more powerful and were able to hold their places on the mountains, and afterwards to migrate southward with the the more powerful and were able to hold their places on the mountains, and afterwards to migrate southward with the 1869 1872 |
enabled to beat the less powerful 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
southern
forms; but not so the southern in regard to the northern forms. forms; but not so the southern in regard to the northern forms. 1869 1872 |
forms. 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
In In 1869 1872 | Just in 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
the same manner
...OMIT 1872 |
as we see 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
we see 1869 |
at the present day,
we see that we see that 1872 |
that 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
very many European productions cover the ground in La Plata,
New Zealand, and to New Zealand, and to 1869 1872 |
and in 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
a lesser degree in Australia, and have
...OMIT 1869 1872 |
to a certain extent 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
beaten the natives; whereas extremely few southern forms have become naturalised in any part of
the northern hemisphere, the northern hemisphere, 1866 1869 1872 |
Europe, 1859 1860 1861 |
though hides, wool, and other objects likely to carry seeds have been largely imported into Europe during the last two or three centuries from La Plata, and during the last
forty forty 1872 | thirty 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
or
fifty fifty 1872 | forty 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
years from Australia. The Neilgherrie mountains in India, however, offer a partial exception; for here, as I hear from Dr. Hooker, Australian forms are rapidly sowing themselves and becoming naturalised.
Before the last great Glacial period, no doubt Before the last great Glacial period, no doubt 1869 1872 |
Something of the same kind must have occurred on 1859 1860 1861 |
Before the Glacial period, no doubt 1866 |
the intertropical
mountains mountains 1866 1869 1872 | mountains: 1859 1860 1861 |
...OMIT 1866 1869 1872 |
no doubt before the Glacial period they 1859 1860 1861 |
were stocked with endemic Alpine forms; but these have almost everywhere
....... 1866 1869 1872 | largely 1859 1860 1861 |
yielded to the more dominant forms, generated in the larger areas and more efficient workshops of the north. In many islands the native productions are nearly
equalled, equalled, 1866 1869 1872 | equalled 1859 1860 1861 |
or even
outnumbered, outnumbered, 1869 1872 | outnumbered 1859 1860 1861 | out-numbered, 1866 |
by
those which have become naturalised; those which have become naturalised; 1869 1872 |
the naturalised; 1859 1860 1861 |
those which have become naturalised there; 1866 |
and
...OMIT 1869 1872 |
if the natives have not been actually exterminated, their numbers have been greatly reduced, and 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
this is the first stage towards
their extinction. their extinction. 1869 1872 | extinction. 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
....... 1869 1872 | A 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
Mountains Mountains 1869 1872 | mountain 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
are are 1869 1872 | is an 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
islands islands 1869 1872 | island 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
on the
land, land, 1869 1872 | land; 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
and
their inhabitants have their inhabitants have 1869 1872 |
the intertropical mountains before the Glacial period must have been completely isolated; and I believe that the productions of these islands on the land 1859 1860 1861 |
the intertropical mountains before the Glacial period must have been completely isolated; and I believe that the inhabitants of these islands on the land 1866 |
yielded
to those produced within the larger areas of the north, just in the same way as the
inhabitants inhabitants 1869 1872 | productions 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
of real islands have everywhere
yielded and are still yielding to continental forms yielded and are still yielding to continental forms 1869 1872 |
lately yielded to continental forms, 1859 1860 1861 |
yielded to continental forms lately 1866 |
naturalised
through through 1869 1872 | by 1859 1860 1861 | there through 1866 |
man's man's 1859 1861 1866 1872 | mans 1860 1869 |
agency. |
The same principles apply to the distribution of terrestrial animals and of marine productions, in the northern and southern temperate zones, and on the intertropical mountains. When
during the height of the Glacial period
the ocean-currents were widely different to what they now are, some of the inhabitants of the temperate seas might have reached the equator; of these a few would perhaps at once be able to migrate southward, by keeping to the cooler currents, whilst others might remain and survive in the cooler
depths,
until the southern hemisphere was in its turn subjected to a glacial climate and permitted of
their further progress; in nearly the same manner as, according to Forbes, isolated spaces inhabited by Arctic productions exist to the present day in the deeper parts of the temperate
seas. |