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See page in:
1859
1860
1861
1866
1869
1872

Compare with:
1859
1861
1866
1869
1872

→ at a very 1859 1860 1861 1866
not having appeared at an 1869
having appeared at a not very 1872
→ in the life of each, though perhaps caused at the earliest, and being 1859 1860 1861
in the life of each, though perhaps caused at the earliest, and having been 1866
of life, and having been 1869 1872
→ as 1859 1860 1861 1869 1872
of an animal as 1866
→ common parent-form of each 1859 1860 1861
progenitor, either in its adult or larval state, of all the members of the same 1866 1869 1872
→ Rudimentary , 1859 1860 1861
Rudimentary, 1866 1869
Rudimentary , 1872
→ atrophied , 1859 1860 1861
Atrophied, 1866 1869
Atrophied , 1872
→ Organs — . 1860
organs .— 1859
Organs .— 1861
Organs . 1866 1872
Organs . 1869
→ throughout 1859 1860 1861 1866
or even general, throughout 1869 1872
↑ 1 blocks not present in 1859 1860 1861 1866; present in 1869 1872
It would be difficult to name one of the higher animals in which some part is not in a rudimentary condition.
→ For instance, rudimentary mammæ are very general in the males of mammals: I presume that the "bastard-wing" 1859 1860 1861
For instance, rudimentary mammæ are very general with male mammals: I presume that the "bastard-wing" 1866
In the mammalia, for instance, the males always possess rudimentary mammæ; in snakes one lobe of the lungs is rudimentary; 1869
→ may be safely 1859 1860 1861 1866
the "bastard-wing" may safely be 1869
→ digit in 1859 1860 1861 1866
rudimentary digit, and in not a few species the wings cannot be used for flight or are reduced to 1869
→ Some of the cases of rudimentary organs are extremely curious; for instance, 1859 1860 1861 1866
What can be more curious than 1869
→ The meaning of rudimentary organs is often quite unmistakeable: for instance 1859 1860 1861
The meaning of rudimentary organs is often quite unmistakeable: for instance, 1866
OMIT 1869 1872
→ of 1859 1860 1861 1866
belonging to closely allied species, or even to 1869 1872
→ genus (and even of the same species) resembling each other most closely in all respects, one of which will have full-sized wings, and another mere 1859 1860 1861 1866
identical species, which have either full-sized and perfect wings, or mere minute 1869
identical species, which have either full-sized and perfect wings, or mere 1872
→ and here 1859 1860 1861 1866
not rarely lying under wing-covers firmly soldered together; and in this case 1869
which not rarely lie under wing-covers firmly soldered together; and in these cases 1872
in the many descendants from some one ancient progenitor, →at a very early period →in the life of each, though perhaps caused at the earliest, and being inherited at a corresponding
not early
not early
period. Embryology rises greatly in interest, when we
thus
thus
look at the embryo →as a picture, more or less obscured, of the →common parent-form of each great
class.
class
of
of
animals.
animals.
→ Rudimentary , → atrophied ,
and
or
Aborted
aborted
→ Organs — .
Organs or parts in this strange condition, bearing the
plain stamp
stamp
of inutility, are extremely
common,
common
→throughout nature. ↑ →For instance, rudimentary mammæ are very general in the males of mammals: I presume that the "bastard-wing" in birds →may be safely considered as a →digit in a
rudiment.
rudimentary
state:
state:
in
in
very
very
many
many
snakes
snakes
one
one
lobe
lobe
of
of
the
the
lungs
lungs
is
is
rudimentary;
rudimentary;
in
in
other
other
snakes
snakes
there
there
are
are
rudiments
rudiments
of
of
the
the
pelvis
pelvis
and
and
hind
hind
limbs.
limbs.
→Some of the cases of rudimentary organs are extremely curious; for instance, the presence of teeth in fœtal whales, which when grown up have not a tooth in their heads;
or
and
the
presence of
presence of
teeth, which never cut through the gums, in the upper jaws of
our
our
unborn
calves?
calves.
It has even been stated on good authority that rudiments of teeth can be detected in the beaks of certain embryonic birds. Nothing can be plainer than that wings are formed for flight, yet in how many insects do we see wings so reduced in size as to be utterly incapable of flight, and not rarely lying under wing-cases, firmly soldered together!
→The meaning of rudimentary organs is often quite unmistakeable: for instance
There
there
are beetles →of the same →genus (and even of the same species) resembling each other most closely in all respects, one of which will have full-sized wings, and another mere rudiments of
membrane,
membrane;
→and here it is impossible to doubt, that the