Comparison with 1860 |
|
certainly certainly 1859 1860 |
lessen the number of the navel-frequenting flies— then cattle and horses would become feral, and this would certainly 1861 1866 1872 |
lessen the number of the navel-frequenting flies—then cattle and horses would become feral, and this would certainly 1869 |
greatly alter (as indeed I have observed in parts of South America) the vegetation: this again would largely affect the insects; and this, as we
just have just have 1859 1860 | have just 1861 1866 1869 1872 |
seen in
Stafford-shire, Stafford-shire, 1860 | Staffordshire, 1859 1861 1866 1869 1872 |
the insectivorous birds, and so onwards in ever-increasing circles of complexity. We began this series by insectivorous birds, and we have ended with them. Not that in
nature the relations can
ever be as simple as this. Battle within battle must ever
be recurring
with varying success; and yet in the long-run the forces are so nicely balanced, that the face of nature remains uniform for long periods of time,
though assuredly the merest trifle would often
give the victory to one organic being over another.
Nevertheless Nevertheless 1859 1860 | Nevertheless, 1861 1866 1869 1872 |
so profound is our ignorance, and so high our presumption, that we marvel when we hear of the extinction of an organic being; and as we do not see the cause, we invoke cataclysms to desolate the world, or invent laws on the duration of the forms of life! |
|
I am tempted to give one more instance showing how plants and animals, most
remote in the scale of nature, are bound together by a web of complex relations. I shall hereafter have occasion to show that the exotic Lobelia fulgens,
in this part of England,
is never visited by
insects, and consequently, from its peculiar structure, never can
set
a seed. Many of
our orchidaceous plants absolutely require the visits of moths
to remove their pollen-masses and thus to fertilise them. I
have, also, reason to believe have, also, reason to believe 1859 1860 |
find from experiments 1861 1866 1869 1872 |
that humble-bees are
indispensable indispensable 1859 1860 | almost indispensable 1861 1866 1869 1872 |
to the fertilisation of the heartsease (Viola tricolor), for other bees do not visit this flower. |
Text in this page (from paragraph 1900, sentence 500 to paragraph 1900, sentence 520, word 9) is not present in 1860 |
lessen the number of the navel-frequenting flies— then cattle and horses would become feral, and this would certainly lessen the number of the navel-frequenting flies— then cattle and horses would become feral, and this would certainly 1861 1866 1872 |
certainly 1859 1860 |
lessen the number of the navel-frequenting flies—then cattle and horses would become feral, and this would certainly 1869 |
greatly alter (as indeed I have observed in parts of South America) the vegetation: this again would largely affect the insects; and this, as we
have just have just 1861 1866 1869 1872 | just have 1859 1860 |
seen in
Staffordshire, Staffordshire, 1859 1861 1866 1869 1872 | Stafford-shire, 1860 |
the insectivorous birds, and so onwards in ever-increasing circles of complexity. We began this series by insectivorous birds, and we have ended with them. Not that
in in 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | under 1872 |
nature the relations
can can 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | will 1872 |
ever be as simple as this. Battle within battle must
ever ever 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | ever 1872 |
be
recurring recurring 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | continually recurring 1872 |
with varying success; and yet in the long-run the forces are so nicely balanced, that the face of nature remains
uniform for long periods of time, uniform for long periods of time, 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
for long periods of time uniform, 1872 |
though assuredly the merest trifle would
often often 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | often 1872 |
give the victory to one organic being over another.
Nevertheless, Nevertheless, 1861 1866 1869 1872 | Nevertheless 1859 1860 |
so profound is our ignorance, and so high our presumption, that we marvel when we hear of the extinction of an organic being; and as we do not see the cause, we invoke cataclysms to desolate the world, or invent laws on the duration of the forms of life! |
|
I am tempted to give one more instance showing how plants and animals,
most most 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | most 1872 |
remote in the scale of nature, are bound together by a web of complex relations. I shall hereafter have occasion to show that the exotic Lobelia
fulgens, fulgens, 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | fulgens 1872 |
in this part of England, in this part of England, 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
OMIT 1872 |
is never visited
by by 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
in my garden by 1872 |
insects, and consequently, from its peculiar structure, never
can can 1859 1860 1861 1866 | can 1869 1872 |
set set 1859 1860 1861 1866 | sets 1869 1872 |
a seed.
Many of Many of 1859 1860 1861 | Nearly all 1866 1869 1872 |
our orchidaceous plants absolutely require the visits of
moths moths 1859 1860 1861 | insects 1866 1869 1872 |
to remove their pollen-masses and thus to fertilise them. I
find from experiments find from experiments 1861 1866 1869 1872 |
have, also, reason to believe 1859 1860 |
that humble-bees are
almost indispensable almost indispensable 1861 1866 1869 1872 | indispensable 1859 1860 |
to the fertilisation of the heartsease (Viola tricolor), for other bees do not visit this flower. ↑1 blocks not present in 1861 1866 1869 1872; present in 1859 1860 | From experiments which I have tried,
I have found that the visits of bees,
if not indispensable, are at least highly beneficial to
the fertilisation of our
clovers;
but humble-bees alone visit the common
red clover (Trifolium pratense), as other bees cannot reach the nectar.
|
I have also found that the visits of bees are necessary for the fertilisation of some kinds of clover: for instance, 20 heads of Dutch clover (Trifolium repens) yielded 2,290
seeds; seeds; 1861 | seeds, 1866 1869 1872 |
but 20 other heads protected from bees produced not one. Again, 100 heads of red clover (T. pratense)
pro- duced pro- duced 1861 | produced 1866 1869 1872 |
|