Comparison with 1860 |
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kinds to what we call chance. But how false a view is this! Every one has heard that when an American forest is cut down, a very different vegetation springs up; but it has been observed that the trees now growing on the
ancient Indian mounds,
in the Southern United States, display
the same beautiful diversity and proportion of kinds as in the surrounding virgin forests. What a struggle between the several kinds of trees must here
have gone on during long centuries,
each
annually scattering its seeds by the thousand; what war between insect and insect— between
insects, snails, and other animals with birds and beasts of prey—
all
striving to increase, and
all feeding on each other
or on the trees
or
their seeds and seedlings, or on the other plants which first clothed the ground and thus checked the growth of the trees! Throw up a handful of feathers, and all must
fall to the ground according to definite laws; but how simple is
this this 1859 1860 | the 1861 1866 1869 1872 |
problem
compared to the action and reaction compared to the action and reaction 1859 1860 |
where each shall fall compared to that 1861 1866 1869 1872 |
of the
innumerable innumerable 1859 1860 |
action and reaction of the innumerable 1861 1866 1869 1872 |
plants and animals which have determined, in the course of centuries, the proportional numbers and kinds of trees now growing on the old Indian ruins! |
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The dependency of one organic being on another, as of a parasite on its prey, lies generally between beings remote in the scale of nature. This is often
the case with those which may strictly be
said to struggle with each other for existence, as in the case of locusts and grass-feeding quadrupeds. But the struggle almost invariably will
be most severe between the individuals of the same species, for they frequent the same districts, require the same food, and are exposed to the same dangers. In the case of varieties of the same species, the struggle will generally be almost equally severe, and we sometimes see the contest soon decided: for
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kinds to what we call chance. But how false a view is this! Every one has heard that when an American forest is cut down, a very different vegetation springs up; but it has been observed that
...OMIT 1860 1861 1866 1869 1872 |
the trees now growing on the 1859 |
ancient Indian
ruins ruins 1860 1861 1866 1869 1872 | mounds, 1859 |
in the Southern United States,
which must formerly have been cleared of trees, now display which must formerly have been cleared of trees, now display 1860 1861 1866 1869 1872 |
display 1859 |
the same beautiful diversity and proportion of kinds as in the surrounding virgin
forests. forests. 1859 1860 1861 1866 | forest. 1869 1872 |
What a struggle
between the several kinds of trees must here between the several kinds of trees must here 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
must 1869 1872 |
have gone on during long
centuries, centuries, 1859 1860 1861 1866 | centuries 1869 1872 |
each each 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
between the several kinds of trees, each 1869 1872 |
annually scattering its seeds by the thousand; what war between insect and
insect— between insect— between 1859 1860 1861 1866 1872 | insect—between 1869 |
insects, snails, and other animals with birds and beasts of
prey— prey— 1859 1860 1861 1866 1872 | prey—all 1869 |
all all 1859 1860 1861 1866 1872 | all 1869 |
striving to increase,
and and 1859 1860 1861 1866 | and 1869 1872 |
all feeding on each
other other 1859 1860 1861 | other, 1866 1869 1872 |
or on the
trees trees 1859 1860 1861 | trees, 1866 1869 1872 |
or or 1859 1860 1861 | or 1866 1869 1872 |
their seeds and seedlings, or on the other plants which first clothed the ground and thus checked the growth of the trees! Throw up a handful of feathers, and all
must must 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | must 1872 |
fall to the ground according to definite laws; but how simple is
the the 1861 1866 1869 1872 | this 1859 1860 |
problem
where each shall fall compared to that where each shall fall compared to that 1861 1866 1869 1872 |
compared to the action and reaction 1859 1860 |
of the
action and reaction of the innumerable action and reaction of the innumerable 1861 1866 1869 1872 |
innumerable 1859 1860 |
plants and animals which have determined, in the course of centuries, the proportional numbers and kinds of trees now growing on the old Indian ruins! |
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The dependency of one organic being on another, as of a parasite on its prey, lies generally between beings remote in the scale of nature. This is
often often 1859 1860 1861 1866 | likewise sometimes 1869 1872 |
the case with those which may
strictly be strictly be 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | be strictly 1872 |
said to struggle with each other for existence, as in the case of locusts and grass-feeding quadrupeds. But the struggle
almost invariably will almost invariably will 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
will almost invariably 1869 1872 |
be most severe between the individuals of the same species, for they frequent the same districts, require the same food, and are exposed to the same dangers. In the case of varieties of the same species, the struggle will generally be almost equally severe, and we sometimes see the contest soon decided: for
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