Origin of Species Variorum

Comparison with 1869

But if the area be very large, its several districts will almost certainly present different conditions of life; and then ↑ if the same species undergoes modification in different parts, the newly-formed varieties will intercross on the confines of each district. But we shall see in the seventh chapter that intermediate varieties, inhabiting an intermediate district, whether the result of the crossing of other varieties, or originally formed with an intermediate character, will in the long run generally be supplanted by one of the varieties on either hand. .. Intercrossing will affect those animals most which unite for each birth and wander much, and which do not breed at a very quick rate. Hence with animals of this nature, for instance .. birds, varieties will generally be confined to separated countries; and this I believe to be the case. With hermaphrodite organisms which cross only occasionally, and likewise with animals which unite for each birth, but which wander little and .. can increase at a very rapid rate, a new and improved variety might be quickly formed on any one spot, and might there maintain itself in a body and afterwards spread, so that the crossing would be chiefly between the individuals of the new variety living together in the same place. ↑ On this principle, nurserymen always prefer saving seed from a large body of plants, as the ... chance of intercrossing ... is thus lessened.

Even in the case of animals which breed slowly and unite for each birth, we must not assume that the effects of ... natural selection will always be immediately overpowered by free intercrossing; for I can bring a considerable body of facts, showing that within the same area, varieties of the same animal may

But if the area be large, its several districts will almost certainly present different conditions of life; and then, if natural selection be modifying and improving a species in the several districts, there will be intercrossing with the other individuals of the same species on the confines of each. ↑ And in this case the effects of intercrossing can hardly be .. counterbalanced by natural selection always tending to modify all the individuals in each district in exactly the same manner to the conditions of each; for in a continuous area, the physical conditions will generally graduate away insensibly from one district to another. The intercrossing will most affect those animals which unite for each birth, which wander much, and which do not breed at a very quick rate. Hence in animals of this nature, for instance in birds, varieties will generally be confined to separated countries; and this I find to be the case. In hermaphrodite organisms which cross only occasionally, and likewise in animals which unite for each birth, but which wander little and which can increase at a very rapid rate, a new and improved variety might be quickly formed on any one spot, and might there maintain itself in a body, so that whatever intercrossing took place would be chiefly between the individuals of the same new variety. A local variety when once thus formed might subsequently slowly spread to other districts. On the above principle, nurserymen always prefer getting seed from a large body of plants of the same variety, as the chance of intercrossing with other varieties is thus lessened.

Even in the case of slow-breeding animals, which unite for each birth, we must not overrate the effects of intercrosses in retarding natural selection; for I can bring a considerable catalogue of facts, showing that within the same area, varieties of the same animal can