Origin of Species Variorum

their inflorescence, as on the summit of a spike and lower down, or at the centre and circumference of an umbel, corymb, &c., or during different periods of the year, differently constructed flowers; and if the plant were to cease producing both kinds and bore one alone, a great change would suddenly be effected in its specific character. ↑ It is a distinct question how the same plant has come to produce two kinds of flowers; but it can be shown in some cases to be probable, and in other cases to be almost certain, that this has been effected by finely graduated steps. Again, two distinct organs in the same individual sometimes perform simultaneously the same function, and this is a highly important means of transition: to give one instance,—there are fish with gills or branchiæ that breathe the air dissolved in the water, at the same time that they breathe free air in their swimbladders, this latter organ having a ductus pneumaticus for its supply and being divided by highly vascular partitions. To give another instance from the vegetable kingdom: plants climb by three distinct means, by spirally twining, by clasping a support with their sensitive tendrils, and by the emission of aërial rootlets; these three means are usually found in distinct genera or families, but some few plants exhibit two of the means, or even all three, combined in the same individual. In all such cases one of the two organs or means of performing the same function might be modified and perfected so as to perform all the work, .. being aided during the process of modification by the other organ; and then this other organ might be modified for some other and quite distinct purpose, or be wholly obliterated.

The illustration of the swimbladder in fishes is a good one, because it shows us clearly the highly important fact that an organ originally constructed for one pur- pose,