Comparison with 1872 |
|
ants, ants, 1872 |
of an ant-community, 1866 1869 |
and the
double sterile plants double sterile plants 1872 |
sterile double-flowered plants, which are regularly produced in large numbers, 1866 1869 |
with the
....... 1872 | many sterile 1866 1869 |
neuters of the same community. As with the varieties of the stock, so with social insects, selection has been applied to the family, and not to the individual, for the sake of gaining a serviceable end.
Hence we may conclude that Hence we may conclude that 1872 |
Thus I believe it has been with social insects: a 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
slight
modifications modifications 1872 | modification 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
of
structure structure 1872 | structure, 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
or instinct,
correlated with the sterile condition of certain members of the community,
have proved advantageous: have proved advantageous: 1872 |
has been advantageous to the community: 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
consequently the fertile males and females
have have 1872 |
of the same community 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
flourished, and transmitted to their fertile offspring a tendency to produce sterile members
with with 1872 | having 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
the same
modifications. modifications. 1872 | modification. 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
...OMIT 1872 |
And I believe that 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
This This 1872 | this 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
process
must have must have 1872 | has 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
been
repeated repeated 1872 | repeated, 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
many times, until many times, until 1872 |
until 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
that prodigious amount of difference between the fertile and sterile females of the same species has been produced, which we see in
many many 1859 1860 1861 1872 | so many 1866 1869 |
social insects. |
|
But we have not as yet touched on the climax of the difficulty; namely, the fact that the neuters of several ants differ, not only from the fertile females and males, but from each other, sometimes to an almost incredible degree, and are thus divided into two or even three castes. The castes, moreover, do not
commonly commonly 1872 | generally 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
graduate into each other, but are perfectly well defined; being as distinct from each
other other 1869 1872 | other, 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
as are any two species of the same genus, or rather as any two genera of the same family. Thus in Eciton, there are working and soldier neuters, with jaws and instincts extraordinarily different: in Cryptocerus, the workers of one caste alone carry a wonderful sort of shield on their heads, the use of which is quite unknown: in the Mexican Myrme- cocystus,
the workers of one caste never leave the nest; they are fed by the workers of another caste, and they have an enormously developed abdomen which secretes a sort of honey, supplying the place of that excreted by the aphides, or the domestic cattle as they may be called, which our European ants guard
and and 1869 1872 | or 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
|
of an ant-community, of an ant-community, 1866 1869 |
ants, 1872 |
and the
sterile double-flowered plants, which are regularly produced in large numbers, sterile double-flowered plants, which are regularly produced in large numbers, 1866 1869 |
double sterile plants 1872 |
with the
many sterile many sterile 1866 1869 | many sterile 1872 |
neuters of the same community. ↑1 blocks not present in 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869; present in 1872 | As with the varieties of the stock, so with social insects, selection has been applied to the family, and not to the individual, for the sake of gaining a serviceable end.
|
Thus I believe it has been with social insects: a Thus I believe it has been with social insects: a 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
Hence we may conclude that 1872 |
slight
modification modification 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | modifications 1872 |
of
structure, structure, 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | structure 1872 |
or
of instinct, of instinct, 1866 1869 1872 | instinct, 1859 1860 1861 |
correlated with the sterile condition of certain members of the community,
has been advantageous to the community: has been advantageous to the community: 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
have proved advantageous: 1872 |
consequently the fertile males and females
of the same community of the same community 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
have 1872 |
flourished, and transmitted to their fertile offspring a tendency to produce sterile members
having having 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | with 1872 |
the same
modification. modification. 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | modifications. 1872 |
And I believe that And I believe that 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
OMIT 1872 |
this this 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | This 1872 |
process
has has 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | must have 1872 |
been
repeated, repeated, 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | repeated 1872 |
until until 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
many times, until 1872 |
that prodigious amount of difference between the fertile and sterile females of the same species has been produced, which we see in
so many so many 1866 1869 | many 1859 1860 1861 1872 |
social insects. |
|
But we have not as yet touched on the climax of the difficulty; namely, the fact that the neuters of several ants differ, not only from the fertile females and males, but from each other, sometimes to an almost incredible degree, and are thus divided into two or even three castes. The castes, moreover, do not
generally generally 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | commonly 1872 |
graduate into each other, but are perfectly well defined; being as distinct from each
other, other, 1859 1860 1861 1866 | other 1869 1872 |
as are any two species of the same genus, or rather as any two genera of the same family. Thus in Eciton, there are working and soldier neuters, with jaws and instincts extraordinarily different: in Cryptocerus, the workers of one caste alone carry a wonderful sort of shield on their heads, the use of which is quite unknown: in the Mexican
Myrmecocystus, Myrmecocystus, 1860 1861 1866 1869 1872 | Myrme- cocystus, 1859 |
the workers of one caste never leave the nest; they are fed by the workers of another caste, and they have an enormously developed abdomen which secretes a sort of honey, supplying the place of that excreted by the aphides, or the domestic cattle as they may be called, which our European ants guard
or or 1859 1860 1861 1866 | and 1869 1872 |
|