| ↑ 4 blocks not present in 1859 1860 1861 1866; present in 1869 1872 |
| An animal may possess various parts in a perfect state, and yet they may in one sense be rudimentary, for they are useless: thus the tadpole of the common Salamander or newt,
as Mr. G. H. Lewes remarks, "has gills, and passes its existence "in
the water; but the Salamandra atra, which lives "high
up among the mountains, brings forth its young "full-formed.
This animal never lives in the water.
"Yet
if we open a gravid female, we find tadpoles "inside
her with exquisitely feathered gills; and when "placed
in water they swim about like the tadpoles of the "water-newt.
Obviously this aquatic organisation has "no
reference to the future life of the animal, nor has "it
any adaptation to its embryonic condition; it has "solely
reference to ancestral adaptations, it repeats a "phase
in the development of its progenitors."
|
|
| → pistil, which is in a rudimentary state, 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
| rudimentary pistil, 1869 1872 |
|
| → with hairs as in other compositæ, for the purpose of brushing 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
| with hairs, in the usual manner, for brushing 1869 |
| in the usual manner with hairs, which serve to brush 1872 |
|
| → and conjoined anthers. 1866 1869 1872 |
| anthers. 1859 1860 1861 |
|
| → developed, if of use, should not be called rudimentary: they 1861 1866 |
| developed, if of use, should not be called rudimentary; they cannot properly be said to be in an atrophied condition; they 1860 |
| developed, if of use, should not be considered as rudimentary: they 1869 |
| they 1872 |
|
| → called nascent, and may hereafter be developed by natural selection to any further extent. 1861 1866 1869 |
| called nascent, and may hereafter be developed to any extent by natural selection. 1860 |
| developed, unless we have reason to suppose that they were formerly more highly developed, ought not to be considered as rudimentary. They may be in a nascent condition, and in progress towards further development. 1872 |
|
| → other hand, are essentially useless, as teeth which never cut through the gums. 1861 1866 1869 |
| individuals of the same species are very liable to vary in degree of development and in other respects. Moreover, in closely allied species, the degree to which the same organ has been rendered rudimentary occasionally differs much. 1859 |
| other hand, are essentially useless, as teeth which never cut through the gums; in a still less developed condition, they would be of still less use. 1860 |
| other hand, are either quite useless, such as teeth which never cut through the gums, or almost useless, such as the wings of an ostrich, which serve merely as sails. 1872 |
|
| ↑ 1 blocks not present in 1859 1860 1866 1869 1872; present in 1861 |
| Moreover, in closely allied species, the degree to which the same organ has been rendered rudimentary occasionally differs much.
|
|
| → they would be of still less use, when in a 1866 |
| they would be of even less use, when in a 1869 |
| organs in this condition would formerly, when 1872 |
|
| → condition, they cannot 1866 1869 |
| OMIT 1872 |
|
| → under the present state of things have 1866 |
| have 1869 1872 |
|
| → formed 1866 1869 |
| of even less use than at present, they cannot formerly have been produced 1872 |
|
| → by 1866 |
| through variation and 1869 1872 |
|
| → as we shall see, by 1866 |
| by the power of 1869 |
|
| → is 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
| is, however, often 1872 |
|
| → know what organs are nascent; 1861 1866 1869 |
| know what are nascent organs; 1860 |
| distinguish between rudimentary and nascent organs; 1872 |
|
| → looking to the future, we cannot of course tell how any part will be developed, and whether it is now in a nascent condition; looking to the past, creatures with an organ in a nascent 1866 |
| looking to the future, we cannot of course tell how any part will be developed, and whether it is now nascent; looking to the past, creatures with an organ in a nascent 1860 1861 |
| looking to the future, we can- not of course tell how any part will be developed, and whether it is now in a nascent condition; looking to the past, creatures with an organ in this 1869 |
| for we can judge only by analogy whether a part is capable of further development, in which case alone it deserves to be called nascent. Organs in this 1872 |
|
