Rudimentary organs
declare their origin and plain | declare their origin and plain 1869 |
| plainly declare their origin and 1872 |
meaning in various ways.
...| OMIT 1869 1872 |
| The meaning of rudimentary organs is often quite unmistakeable: for instance 1859 1860 1861 |
| The meaning of rudimentary organs is often quite unmistakeable: for instance, 1866 |
There | There 1869 1872 | | there 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
are beetles
belonging to closely allied species, or even to | belonging to closely allied species, or even to 1869 1872 |
| of 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
the same
identical species, which have either full-sized and perfect wings, or mere minute | identical species, which have either full-sized and perfect wings, or mere minute 1869 |
| genus (and even of the same species) resembling each other most closely in all respects, one of which will have full-sized wings, and another mere 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
| identical species, which have either full-sized and perfect wings, or mere 1872 |
rudiments of
membrane, | membrane, 1869 1872 | | membrane; 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
not rarely lying under wing-covers firmly soldered together; and in this case | not rarely lying under wing-covers firmly soldered together; and in this case 1869 |
| and here 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
| which not rarely lie under wing-covers firmly soldered together; and in these cases 1872 |
it is impossible to doubt, that the rudiments represent wings. Rudimentary organs sometimes retain their
potentiality: | potentiality: 1869 1872 | | potentiality, 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
this occasionally occurs | this occasionally occurs 1869 1872 |
| and are merely not developed: this seems to be the case 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
with the mammæ of male mammals,
for they have been known to | for they have been known to 1869 |
| for many instances are on record of these organs having 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
| which have been known to 1872 |
become well
developed, | developed, 1869 | | developed 1859 1860 1861 1866 1872 |
and to | and to 1869 1872 |
| in full-grown males, and having 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
secrete | secrete 1869 1872 | | secreted 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
milk. So again
...| OMIT 1869 1872 |
| there are normally four developed and two rudimentary teats 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
in the udders
in | in 1869 1872 | | of 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
the genus
Bos, | Bos, 1859 1860 1869 1872 | | Bos; 1861 1866 |
there are normally four | there are normally four 1869 1872 |
| but in our domestic cows the two sometimes become 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
developed and
two rudimentary teats; but the latter in our domestic cows sometimes become well developed and yield | two rudimentary teats; but the latter in our domestic cows sometimes become well developed and yield 1869 1872 |
| give 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
milk. In
regard to plants | regard to plants 1869 1872 |
| individual plants of the same species 1859 |
| plants of the same species 1860 1861 1866 |
the petals
are sometimes | are sometimes 1869 1872 |
| sometimes occur as mere 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
rudimental, | rudimental, 1869 | | rudiments, 1859 1860 1861 1866 | | rudimentary, 1872 |
and sometimes
well-developed in individuals of the same species. | well-developed in individuals of the same species. 1869 |
| in a well-developed state. 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
| well-developed in the individuals of the same species. 1872 |
In
certain diœcious plants Kölreuter found that by crossing a species, in which | certain diœcious plants Kölreuter found that by crossing a species, in which 1869 |
| plants with separated sexes, 1859 1860 1861 |
| some plants with their sexes separated, 1866 |
| certain plants having separated sexes 1872 |
the male flowers included a rudiment of a pistil, with an hermaphrodite species, having of course a well-developed pistil, the rudiment | the male flowers included a rudiment of a pistil, with an hermaphrodite species, having of course a well-developed pistil, the rudiment 1869 |
| the male flowers often have a rudiment of a pistil; and Kölreuter found that by crossing such male plants with an hermaphrodite species, the rudiment of the pistil 1859 1860 1861 |
| the male flowers include a rudiment of a pistil; and Kölreuter found that by crossing a species of this kind with another hermaphrodite species, the rudiment of the pistil 1866 |
| Kölreuter found that by crossing a species, in which the male flowers included a rudiment of a pistil, 1872 |
in | in 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
| with an hermaphrodite species, having of course a well-developed pistil, the rudiment in 1872 |
the hybrid offspring was much increased in size; and this
clearly shows that | clearly shows that 1869 1872 |
| shows that 1859 1860 1861 |
| clearly shows how essen- tially alike in nature 1866 |
the
rudimentary | rudimentary 1869 1872 | | rudiment 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
and
..| ..... 1869 1872 | | the 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
perfect
pistils | pistils 1869 1872 | | pistil 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
are | are 1859 1860 1861 1869 1872 | | are. 1866 |
essentially | essentially 1859 1860 1861 1869 1872 | essentially 1866 |
alike | alike 1859 1860 1861 1869 1872 | alike 1866 |
in | in 1859 1860 1861 1869 1872 | in 1866 |
nature. | nature. 1859 1860 1861 1869 1872 | nature. 1866 |
An animal may possess various parts in a perfect state, and yet they may in one sense be rudimentary, for they are useless: thus the tadpole of the common Salamander or
newt, | newt, 1869 | | Water-newt, 1872 |
as Mr. G. H. Lewes remarks, "has gills, and passes its existence
"in
the water; but the Salamandra atra, which lives
"high
up among the mountains, brings forth its young
"full-formed. | "full-formed. 1869 | | full-formed. 1872 |
This animal never lives in the water.
"Yet
if we open a gravid female, we find tadpoles
"inside
her with exquisitely feathered gills; and when
"placed
in water they swim about like the tadpoles of the
"water-newt. | "water-newt. 1869 | | water-newt. 1872 |
Obviously this aquatic organisation has
|