Origin of Species Variorum

→ and can be accounted for by the laws of inheritance. 1859 1860 1861 1866

in accordance with the views here explained. 1869 1872

→ group to group in all organic beings 1866

group to group in all organisms 1859 1860 1861

all organic beings 1869 1872

→ that 1859 1860 1861 1866

in group under group— that 1869

in groups under groups— that 1872

→ into one grand system; 1859 1860 1861 1866

in a few grand classes,— 1869

into a few grand classes,— 1872

→ vital importance, or of 1859 1860 1861 1866

or 1869

or of 1872

→ on the view of 1859 1860 1861 1866

if we admit 1869 1872

→ which are considered by naturalists as allied, 1859 1860 1861 1866

OMIT 1869 1872

→ natural 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

variation and natural 1872

→ dimorphic states, and 1866

and 1859 1860 1861

dimorphic forms, and 1869 1872

→ be 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

differ from each other 1872

as, or even sometimes more useful than, parts of high physiological importance. Rudimentary organs may be compared with the letters in a word, still retained in the spelling, but become useless in the pronunciation, but which serve as a clue

~~in seeking~~

in seeking

for its derivation. On the view of descent

with,

with

modification, we may conclude that the existence of organs in a rudimentary, imperfect, and useless condition, or quite aborted, far from presenting a strange difficulty, as they assuredly do on the

old

ordinary

doctrine of creation, might even have been

anticipated

anticipated,

→and can be accounted for by the laws of inheritance.

Summary .—

Summary .

In this chapter I have attempted to show, that the

arrangement

subordination

of →group to group in all organic beings throughout all

time

time;

→that the nature of the

relationships

relationship,

by which all living and extinct

beings

organisms

are united by complex, radiating, and circuitous lines of affinities →into one grand system; the rules followed and the difficulties encountered by naturalists in their

classifications,—

classifications;

the value set upon characters, if constant and prevalent, whether of high →vital importance, or of the most trifling importance, or, as

with

rudimentary organs, of no

importance,—

importance;

the wide opposition in value between analogical or adaptive characters, and characters of true affinity; and other such rules;— all naturally follow →on the view of the common parentage of

allied

those

forms,

forms

→which are considered by naturalists as allied, together with their modification through →natural selection, with

the

its

contingencies of extinction and divergence of character. In considering this view of classification, it should be borne in mind that the element of descent has been universally used in ranking together the sexes, ages, →dimorphic states, and acknowledged varieties of the same species, however

much

different

they may →be in structure. If we