| → between the several islets in each of these small archipelagos, 1866 |
| Ireland, 1859 1860 1861 |
| between the several islets of these small archipelagos, 1869 1872 |
|
| ↑ 1 blocks not present in 1859 1860 1866 1869 1872; present in 1861 |
| Some few naturalists maintain that animals never present varieties; but then these same naturalists rank the slightest differences as of specific value; and when even the same identical form is met with in two distant countries, or in two quite distinct geological formations, they go so far as to believe that two separate species are hidden under the same dress.
|
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| → called attention to some cases, analogous with those of local forms and geographical races, yet very different from them. 1866 |
| described what he calls Phytophagic varieties and Phytophagic species. 1869 |
|
|
consider our British red grouse as only a strongly-marked race of a Norwegian species, whereas the greater number rank it as an undoubted species peculiar to Great Britain. A wide distance between the homes of two doubtful forms leads many naturalists to rank
as distinct species; but what distance, it has been well asked, will
that between America and Europe is ample, will that between
and the Azores, or Madeira, or the Canaries, or
→between the several islets in each of these small archipelagos,
be sufficient? ↑ |
|
| Mr. B. D. Walsh, a distinguished entomologist of the United States, has lately
→called attention to some cases, analogous with those of local forms and geographical races, yet very different from them.
These cases he has fully described under the terms of Phytophagic varieties and Phytophagic species. Most vegetable-feeding insects live on one kind of plant or on one group of plants;
some feed indiscriminately on many
kinds, yet this induces no change in them.
Mr. Walsh, however, has observed other cases in which either the larva or mature insect, or both states, are thus affected by slight, though constant, differences in colour, or size, or nature of their secretions.
In one case difference in food was accompanied by several slight but constant structural differences in the mature male alone. In other cases both males and females are thus slightly affected. Lastly, differences of food apparently cause more marked and constant differences in colour or structure, or in both combined, in the larva and in the mature insect. Forms modified to this degree are ranked by all entomologists as distinct, though allied, species of the same genus. The slighter differences, as in colour alone, and confined to the larva alone, to the mature insect alone, are almost invariably looked at as mere varieties. But no
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