Origin of Species Variorum

→ to him 1866

to him at the time, 1859 1860

to him at the time 1861

or pleasing to him 1869 1872

→ uneducated 1859 1860 1861 1866

by an educated 1869 1872

→ rapid increase of many animals and plants during 1860 1861 1866 1869 1872

effects of 1859

→ or when naturalised in a new country. 1860 1861 1866

and by the results of naturalisation, as explained in the third chapter. 1859

and when naturalised in a new country. 1869

and when naturalised in new countries. 1872

→ struggle 1859 1860 1861 1866

other hand the struggle 1869 1872

this methodically, or he may do it unconsciously by preserving the individuals most useful →to him without any

intention

thought

of altering the breed. It is certain that he can largely influence the character of a breed by selecting, in each successive generation, individual differences so slight as to be

quite

....

inappreciable

except

by an

→uneducated eye. This

unconscious process

process

of selection has been the great agency in the

formation

production

of the most distinct and useful domestic breeds. That many

~~of the~~

of the

breeds produced by man have to a large extent the character of natural species, is shown by the inextricable doubts whether

~~very~~

very

many of them are varieties or

aboriginal

aboriginally

species.

distinct species.

There is no

~~obvious~~

obvious

reason why the principles which have acted so efficiently under domestication should not

act

have acted

under nature. In the

survival

preservation

of favoured individuals and races, during the constantly-recurrent Struggle for Existence, we see

the most

powerful and ever-acting

form

means

Selection.

selection.

The struggle for existence inevitably follows from the high geometrical ratio of increase which is common to all organic beings. This high rate of increase is proved by

calculation,

calculation,—

by the →rapid increase of many animals and plants during a succession of peculiar seasons, →or when naturalised in a new country. More individuals are born than can possibly survive. A grain in the balance

may

will

determine which

individuals

individual

shall live and which shall die,— which variety or species shall increase in number, and which shall decrease, or finally become extinct. As the

indi- viduals

individuals

of the same species come in all respects into the closest competition with each other, the struggle will generally be most severe between them; it will be almost equally severe between the varieties of the same species, and next in severity between the species of the same genus.

But

the →struggle will often be

~~very~~

very

severe between

beings

being

~~most~~

most

remote in the scale of nature. The