Origin of Species Variorum

Comparison with 1872

and thus check the inordinate increase of specific forms throughout the world. Dr. Hooker has recently shown that in the S. E. corner of Australia, where, apparently, there are many invaders from different quarters of the globe, the endemic Australian species have been greatly reduced in number. How much weight to attribute to these several considerations I will not pretend to say; but conjointly they must limit in each country the tendency to an indefinite augmentation of specific forms.

Summary of Chapter .—

If during the long course of ages and under varying conditions of life, organic beings present individual differences in almost every part of their organisation, and I think this cannot be disputed; if there be, owing to their geometrical rate of increase, a severe struggle for life at some age, season, or year, and this certainly cannot be disputed; then, considering the infinite complexity of the relations of all organic beings to each other and to their conditions of existence, causing an infinite diversity in structure, constitution, and habits, to be advantageous to them, I think it would be a most extraordinary fact if no variation had ever occurred useful to each being's own welfare, in the same way as so many variations have occurred useful to man. But if variations useful to any organic being ever do occur, assuredly individuals thus characterised will have the best chance of being preserved in the struggle for life; and from the strong principle of inheritance these will tend to produce offspring similarly characterised. This principle of pre- servation, or the survival of the fittest, I have called, for the sake of brevity, Natural Selection.

and thus check the inordinate increase of specific forms throughout the world. Dr. Hooker has recently shown that in the S.E. corner of Australia, where, apparently, there are many invaders from different quarters of the world, the endemic Australian species have been greatly reduced in number. How much weight to attribute to these several considerations I do not pretend to assign; but conjointly they must limit in each country the tendency to an indefinite augmentation of specific forms.

Summary of Chapter.

If under changing conditions of life organic beings present individual differences in all parts of their structure, and .. this cannot be disputed; if there be, owing to the high geometrical ratio of increase of each species, a severe struggle for life at some age, season, or year, and this certainly cannot be disputed; then, considering the infinite complexity of the relations of all organic beings to each other and to their conditions of life, causing an infinite diversity in structure, constitution, and habits, to be advantageous to them, .. it would be a most extraordinary fact if no variations ever occurred useful to each beings own welfare, in the same manner as so many variations have occurred useful to man. But if variations useful to any organic being do ever occur, assuredly individuals thus characterised will have the best chance of being preserved in the struggle for life; and from the strong principle of inheritance, they will tend to produce offspring similarly characterised. This principle of preservation, or the survival of the fittest, I have called ... Natural Selection.