Origin of Species Variorum

which in every essential part of its organisation, even in its colouring, 1859 1860

( Colaptes campestris ) which has two toes before and two behind, a long pointed tongue, stiff pointed tail feathers, but not so stiff as 1861

( Colaptes campestris ) which has two toes before and two behind, a long pointed tongue, stiff pointed tail-feathers, but not so stiff as 1866

(Colaptes campestris) which has two toes before and two behind, a long pointed tongue, pointed tail-feathers, sufficiently stiff to support the bird in a vertical position on a post, but not so stiff as 1872

→ typical woodpeckers, and a straight strong beak. 1869 1872

harsh tone of its voice, and undulatory flight, told me plainly of its close blood-relationship to our common species; yet it is a woodpecker which never climbs a tree! 1859 1860

typical woodpeckers (yet I have seen it use its tail when alighting vertically on a post), and a straight strong beak. 1861 1866

→ OMIT 1869 1872

of La Plata 1861 1866

→ all plainly declared 1869

all told me plainly of 1861 1866

OMIT 1872

→ woodpecker; yet, 1869

species; yet it is a woodpecker, 1861 1866

woodpecker is plainly declared; yet, 1872

→ it never climbs a tree! I may mention as another illustration of the varied habits of the tribe, that a Mexican Colaptes has been described by De Saussure as boring holes into hard wood in order to lay up a store of acorns, but for what use is not yet known. 1869

which never climbs a tree! 1861 1866

in certain large districts it does not climb trees, and it makes its nest in holes in banks! 1872

↑ 2 blocks not present in 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869; present in 1872

In certain other districts, however, this same woodpecker, as Mr. Hudson states, frequents trees, and bores holes in the trunk for its nest. I may mention as another illustration of the varied habits of this genus, that a Mexican Colaptes has been described by De Saussure as boring holes into hard wood in order to lay up a store of acorns.

→ modified in relation to its new habits of life; whereas the woodpecker of La Plata has had its structure only slightly modified. 1869 1872

modified. 1859 1860

modified in relation to its new habits of life; whereas the woodpecker of La Plata has its structure only slightly modified. 1861 1866

→ bird, which is allied to the 1869 1872

anomalous member of the terrestrial 1866

→ diving—using its wings under water, and grasping stones with its feet. 1869

diving,—grasping the stones with its feet, and 1866

diving— 1872

Yet in North America there are woodpeckers which feed largely on fruit, and others with elongated wings which chase insects on the

wing;

wing.

and on

the plains of La Plata, where

hardly

not

a tree grows, there is a

woodpecker,

woodpecker

→ ( Colaptes campestris ) which has two toes before and two behind, a long pointed tongue, pointed tail-feathers, sufficiently stiff to support the bird in a vertical position on a post, but not so stiff as in the →typical woodpeckers, and a straight strong beak. The beak, however, is not so straight or

strong

so strong

as in the typical

woodpeckers;

woodpeckers,

but it is strong enough to bore into

wood;

and

may

mention,

another

illustration

the

varied

habits

the

tribe,

that

Mexican

Colaptes

has

been

described

Saussure

boring

holes

into

hard

wood

order

lay

store

acorns

for

its

future

consumption!

Hence

the

this

Colaptes →OMIT in all the essential parts of its

organization

organisation

structure

is a

woodpecker,

and

until

recently

was

classed

the

same

typical

genus.

Even

such

in such

trifling characters as

its

the

colouring, the harsh tone of

its

the

voice, and undulatory flight, →all plainly declared its close blood-relationship to our common →woodpecker; yet, as I can

assert

assert,

not only from my own

observations,

observation,

but from

those

that

of the accurate Azara, →it never climbs a tree! I may mention as another illustration of the varied habits of the tribe, that a Mexican Colaptes has been described by De Saussure as boring holes into hard wood in order to lay up a store of acorns, but for what use is not yet known. ↑

Petrels are the most

aërial

and oceanic of birds,

yet

but

in the quiet

Sounds

sounds

of Tierra del Fuego, the Puffinuria berardi, in its general habits, in its astonishing power of diving,

in its

its

manner of

swimming

swimming,

and of flying when

unwillingly it

made to

takes

take

flight, would be mistaken by any one for an auk or

grebe;

a grebe;

nevertheless,

nevertheless

it is essentially a petrel, but with many parts of its organisation profoundly →modified in relation to its new habits of life; whereas the woodpecker of La Plata has had its structure only slightly modified. In the case of the water-ouzel, the acutest observer by examining its dead body would never have suspected its sub-aquatic habits; yet this →bird, which is allied to the thrush

family

family,

~~wholly~~

wholly

subsists by →diving—using its wings under water, and grasping stones with its feet.

using

....

its

....

wings

....