Origin of Species Variorum

→ retaining the pollen, fertilisation is effected. 1869 1872

to retain the pollen-mass, which then performs its office of fertilisation. 1866

→ instances, 1869 1872

and similar cases, 1866

→ graduated 1869 1872

cause of such a wide 1866

↑ 1 blocks not present in 1859 1860 1861 1869 1872; present in 1866

It was shown, when we discussed the air-breathing apparatus of certain crustaceans, that the process of adaptation for any purpose may start from two or more forms already differing from each other to a considerable degree, and that in almost all cases the nature of the variability, on which natural selection has to work, will be different; consequently, the final structure gained through natural selection, though serving for the same purpose, will be different.

→ a long course of modification; 1866 1869

many changes; 1872

→ again. 1866 1869

again further altered. 1872

→ used, is 1869

used, will be 1866

it may serve, is 1872

→ Finally then, although 1866 1869 1872

Although 1859 1860 1861

→ is to the extinct and unknown, 1869 1872

to the extinct and unknown 1859 1860 1861

OMIT 1866

→ OMIT 1869 1872

is very small, 1859 1860 1861

is very small 1866

→ I 1859 1860 1861 1869 1872

compared with the extinct and unknown forms, I 1866

→ It certainly is true, that new organs appearing as if specially created for some purpose, rarely or never appear suddenly in any class; as indeed is 1869

The truth of this remark is indeed 1859 1860

It certainly is not true, that new organs often appear suddenly in any class, as if created for some special purpose; as indeed is 1861

It certainly is true, that new organs very rarely or never suddenly appear in any class, as if created for some special purpose; as indeed is 1866

It certainly is true, that new organs appearing as if created for some special purpose, rarely or never appear in any being;— as indeed is 1872

→ but somewhat exaggerated, canon 1861 1866 1869 1872

canon 1859

but somewhat exaggerated canon 1860

certain elastic threads, and →retaining the pollen, fertilisation is effected.

How, it may be asked, in the foregoing and in innumerable other →instances, can we understand the →graduated scale of complexity and

of such

the

multifarious means for gaining the same

end,

both

the

case

forms

widely

remote

from

each

other

affinity,

and

with

forms

closely

allied

are

the

two

orchids

last

described?

The answer no doubt is, as already remarked, that when two forms vary, which already differ from each other

~~even~~

even

some

slight degree, the variability will not be of the same exact nature, and consequently the results obtained through natural selection for the same general purpose will not be the same. ↑ We

must

should

also bear in mind that every

well-developed

highly developed

organism has

already

....

passed through →a long course of modification; and that each modified structure tends to be inherited, so that

each modification

will not readily be

lost,

quite lost,

wholly lost,

but may be

~~modified~~

modified

again and →again. Hence the structure of each part of each species, for whatever purpose →used, is the sum of

~~the~~

the

many inherited changes, through which

the

that

species has passed during its successive adaptations to changed habits and conditions of life.

→Finally then, although in many cases it is most difficult

even to

conjecture by what transitions

~~many~~

many

organ

organs

could

....

have arrived at

its

their

present state; yet, considering

that

how small

the proportion of living and known forms →is to the extinct and unknown, →OMIT →I have been astonished how rarely an organ can be named, towards which no transitional grade is known to lead. →It certainly is true, that new organs appearing as if specially created for some purpose, rarely or never appear suddenly in any class; as indeed is shown by that

old

old,

→but somewhat exaggerated, canon in natural history of "Natura non facit saltum." We meet with this admission in the writings of almost every experienced naturalist;

or,

as Milne Edwards has well expressed