importance to
characters, characters, 1872 | characters 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
and in believing that they have been developed through and in believing that they have been developed through 1872 |
which are really of very little importance, and which have originated from quite secondary causes, independently of 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
which have originated from quite secondary causes, independently of 1869 |
natural selection. We
must by no means overlook the effects of the definite action of changed conditions of life,— of so-called spontaneous variations, which seem to depend in a quite subordinate degree must by no means overlook the effects of the definite action of changed conditions of life,— of so-called spontaneous variations, which seem to depend in a quite subordinate degree 1872 |
should remember that climate, food, &c., probably have some little direct influence 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
should remember that climate, food, &c., probably have had some, perhaps a considerable, direct influence 1869 |
on the
nature of the conditions,— of the tendency to reversion to long-lost characters,— of the complex nature of the conditions,— of the tendency to reversion to long-lost characters,— of the complex 1872 |
organisation; that characters reappear from the 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
laws laws 1872 | law 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
of
growth, such as of correlation, compensation, of the pressure of one part on another, &c.,— growth, such as of correlation, compensation, of the pressure of one part on another, &c.,— 1872 |
reversion; that correlation of growth will have had a most important influence in modifying various structures; 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
reversion; that correlation is an important element of change; 1869 |
and
finally finally 1872 | finally, 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
of of 1872 | that 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
sexual
selection, selection, 1872 | selection 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
by which by which 1872 |
will often have largely modified the external 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
has often largely modified the external 1869 |
characters of
use to one sex are often gained and then transmitted more or less perfectly to the other sex, though of no use to this sex. use to one sex are often gained and then transmitted more or less perfectly to the other sex, though of no use to this sex. 1872 |
animals having a will, to give one male an advantage in fighting with another or in charming the females. 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
the higher animals, so as to give one male an advantage in fighting with other males, or in charming the female; and characters gained through sexual selection may be transmitted to both sexes. 1869 |
But structures thus indirectly gained, although But structures thus indirectly gained, although 1872 |
Moreover when a modification of structure has primarily arisen from the above or other unknown causes, it may 1859 1860 1861 |
Moreover, when a modification of structure has primarily arisen from the above or other unknown causes, it may 1866 |
Moreover a modification, caused in any of the above specified ways, may 1869 |
at first
....... 1872 | have been 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
of no
advantage to a advantage to a 1872 |
advantage to the 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
direct advantage to a 1869 |
species,
....... 1872 | but 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
may subsequently have been taken advantage of by
its modified descendants, its modified descendants, 1872 |
the descendants of the species 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
its descendants 1869 |
under new conditions of life and with
newly acquired habits. ↑1 blocks not present in 1869 1872; present in 1859 1860 1861 1866 | To give a few instances to illustrate these latter remarks.
|
|
If If 1859 1860 1861 1866 1872 |
If, for instance, 1869 |
green woodpeckers alone had existed, and we did not know that there were many black and pied kinds, I dare say that we should have thought that the green colour was a beautiful adaptation to
conceal conceal 1872 | hide 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
this tree-frequenting bird from its enemies; and consequently that it was a character of
importance, importance, 1872 | importance 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
and might have
been acquired through natural selection; as it is, I have no doubt that
the colour is due to some quite distinct cause, probably
to sexual selection. A trailing bamboo
in the Malay Archipelego
climbs the loftiest trees by the aid of exquisitely constructed hooks clustered around the ends of the branches, and this contrivance, no doubt, is of the highest service to the plant; but as we see nearly similar hooks on many trees which are not climbers,
and which, as there is reason to believe from the distribution of the thorn-bearing species in Africa and South America, serve as a defence against browsing quadrupeds, so the spikes and which, as there is reason to believe from the distribution of the thorn-bearing species in Africa and South America, serve as a defence against browsing quadrupeds, so the spikes 1872 |
the hooks 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
and which there is reason to believe from the distribution of the thorn-bearing species in Africa and South America, serves as a defence against browsing quad- rupeds, so the hooks 1869 |
on the bamboo
may
at first at first 1872 |
have arisen from unknown laws of growth, and 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
first 1869 |
have been
developed for this object, and subsequently have been improved and developed for this object, and subsequently have been improved and 1872 |
subsequently 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
developed for this object, and subsequently been 1869 |
taken advantage of by the
plant, plant, 1872 | plant 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
undergoing
further modification
|