Origin of Species Variorum

→ which have originated from quite secondary causes, independently of 1869

which are really of very little importance, and which have originated from quite secondary causes, independently of 1859 1860 1861 1866

and in believing that they have been developed through 1872

→ should remember that climate, food, &c., probably have had some, perhaps a considerable, direct influence 1869

should remember that climate, food, &c., probably have some little direct influence 1859 1860 1861 1866

must by no means overlook the effects of the definite action of changed conditions of life,— of so-called spontaneous variations, which seem to depend in a quite subordinate degree 1872

→ organisation; that characters reappear from the 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

nature of the conditions,— of the tendency to reversion to long-lost characters,— of the complex 1872

→ reversion; that correlation is an important element of change; 1869

reversion; that correlation of growth will have had a most important influence in modifying various structures; 1859 1860 1861 1866

growth, such as of correlation, compensation, of the pressure of one part on another, &c.,— 1872

→ has often largely modified the external 1869

will often have largely modified the external 1859 1860 1861 1866

by which 1872

→ the higher animals, so as to give one male an advantage in fighting with other males, or in charming the female; and characters gained through sexual selection may be transmitted to both sexes. 1869

animals having a will, to give one male an advantage in fighting with another or in charming the females. 1859 1860 1861 1866

use to one sex are often gained and then transmitted more or less perfectly to the other sex, though of no use to this sex. 1872

→ Moreover a modification, caused in any of the above specified ways, may 1869

Moreover when a modification of structure has primarily arisen from the above or other unknown causes, it may 1859 1860 1861

Moreover, when a modification of structure has primarily arisen from the above or other unknown causes, it may 1866

But structures thus indirectly gained, although 1872

→ direct advantage to a 1869

advantage to the 1859 1860 1861 1866

advantage to a 1872

→ its descendants 1869

the descendants of the species 1859 1860 1861 1866

its modified descendants, 1872

↑ 1 blocks not present in 1869 1872; present in 1859 1860 1861 1866

To give a few instances to illustrate these latter remarks.

→ If, for instance, 1869

If 1859 1860 1861 1866 1872

→ OMIT 1869 1872

I have no doubt that 1859 1860

we cannot doubt that 1861 1866

→ probably in chief part due 1869 1872

due to some quite distinct cause, probably 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ and which there is reason to believe from the distribution of the thorn-bearing species in Africa and South America, serves as a defence against browsing quad- rupeds, so the hooks 1869

the hooks 1859 1860 1861 1866

and which, as there is reason to believe from the distribution of the thorn-bearing species in Africa and South America, serve as a defence against browsing quadrupeds, so the spikes 1872

→ first 1869

have arisen from unknown laws of growth, and 1859 1860 1861 1866

at first 1872

→ developed for this object, and subsequently been 1869

subsequently 1859 1860 1861 1866

developed for this object, and subsequently have been improved and 1872

→ as it underwent 1869 1872

undergoing 1859 1860 1861 1866

importance to

characters,

characters

→which have originated from quite secondary causes, independently of natural selection. We →should remember that climate, food, &c., probably have had some, perhaps a considerable, direct influence on the →organisation; that characters reappear from the

laws

law

of →reversion; that correlation is an important element of change; and

finally

finally,

that

sexual

selection,

selection

→has often largely modified the external characters of →the higher animals, so as to give one male an advantage in fighting with other males, or in charming the female; and characters gained through sexual selection may be transmitted to both sexes. →Moreover a modification, caused in any of the above specified ways, may at first

~~have been~~

have been

of no →direct advantage to a species,

~~but~~

but

may subsequently have been taken advantage of by →its descendants under new conditions of life and

with

....

newly acquired habits. ↑

→If, for instance, green woodpeckers alone had existed, and we did not know that there were many black and pied kinds, I dare say that we should have thought that the green colour was a beautiful adaptation to

conceal

hide

this tree-frequenting bird from its enemies; and consequently that it was a character of

importance,

importance

and

might have

had

been acquired through natural selection; as it is, →OMIT the colour is →probably in chief part due to sexual selection. A trailing

bamboo

palm

in the Malay

Archipelego

Archipelago

climbs the loftiest trees by the aid of exquisitely constructed hooks clustered around the ends of the branches, and this contrivance, no doubt, is of the highest service to the plant; but as we see nearly similar hooks on many trees which are not climbers, →and which there is reason to believe from the distribution of the thorn-bearing species in Africa and South America, serves as a defence against browsing quad- rupeds, so the hooks on the

bamboo

palm

may →first have been →developed for this object, and subsequently been taken advantage of by the

plant,

plant

→as it underwent further modification