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level, as well as the subsequent subaerial degradation. 1869 1872
level. 1859 1860 1861 1866

OMIT 1869 1872
judging from the researches of E. Forbes , we may conclude that 1859 1860 1861
judging from the rescarches of E. Forbes , we may conclude that 1866

so many and such varied forms of life, as the more shallow seas; 1869 1872
extremely few animals, 1859 1860
few animals, 1861 1866

and the mass when upraised will give an imperfect record of the organisms which existed throughout the world during the period of its accumulation. Or, 1869
and the mass when upraised will give a most imperfect record of the forms of life which then existed; or, 1859 1860
but it will not be, as we at last know from the telegraphic soundings, barren of life; consequently the mass when up-raised will give a most imperfect record of the forms of life which existed during the period of deposition. Or, 1861
but it will not be, as we now know from telegraphic and other deep soundings, barren of life; consequently the mass when upraised will give a most imperfect record of the forms of life which existed during the period of deposition. Or, 1866
and the mass when upraised will give an imperfect record of the organisms which existed in the neighbourhood during the period of its accumulation. Or, 1872

varied forms, and thus a rich 1869 1872
thus a 1859 1860 1861 1866

throughout the greater part of their thickness rich 1866 1869 1872
rich 1859 1860
throughout the greater part of their thickness rich 1861

tertiary remains can anywhere be found, though the supply of sediment must for ages have been great, from the enormous degradation of the coast-rocks and from muddy streams entering the sea. The explanation, no doubt, is, that the littoral and sub-littoral deposits are continually worn away, as soon as they are brought up by the slow and gradual rising of the land within the grinding action of the coast-waves.
We may, I think,
safely
....
conclude that sediment must be accumulated in extremely thick, solid, or extensive masses, in order to withstand the incessant action of the waves, when first upraised and during
subsequent
successive
oscillations of level, as well as the subsequent subaerial degradation. Such thick and extensive accumulations of sediment may be formed in two ways;
either,
either
in profound depths of the sea, in which
case,
case
OMIT the bottom will
be
not be
inhabited by so many and such varied forms of life, as the more shallow seas; and the mass when upraised will give an imperfect record of the organisms which existed throughout the world during the period of its accumulation. Or, sediment may be
accumulated
deposited
to any thickness and extent over a shallow bottom, if it continue slowly to subside. In this latter case, as long as the rate of subsidence and
supply
the supply
of sediment nearly balance each other, the sea will remain shallow and favourable for
life,
many
and varied forms, and thus a rich
rich fossiliferous
fossiliferous
formation
formation,
thick enough, when upraised, to resist
any
almost any
a large
amount of
degradation,
denudation,
may be formed.
I am convinced that
all
nearly all
our ancient formations, which are throughout the greater part of their thickness rich
in
in
fossils,
fossils ,
fossils,
have thus been formed during subsidence. Since publishing my views on this subject in 1845, I have watched the progress of Geology, and have been surprised to note how author after author, in treating of this or that great formation, has come to the