Origin of Species Variorum

→ bone? 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

bone, apparently representing vertebræ? 1872

→ birds and reptiles. 1866 1869 1872

birds. 1859 1860 1861

→ to form 1869 1872

in the formation of 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ purposes? 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

purposes, namely flying and walking? 1872

→ OMIT 1869

satisfactorily 1859 1860 1861 1866

to a certain extent, 1872

→ In the vertebrata, we see 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

We need not here consider how the bodies of some animals first became divided into 1872

→ internal vertebræ bearing certain processes; in the articulata, the body 1869

internal vertebræ bearing certain processes and appendages; in the articulata, we see the body 1859 1860 1861 1866

segments, or how they became 1872

→ a series of segments, bearing external appendages; and in flowering plants, spiral whorls of leaves. 1869

a series of segments, bearing external appendages; and in flowering plants, we see a series of successive spiral whorls of leaves. 1859 1860 1861 1866

right and left sides, with corresponding organs, for such questions are almost beyond investigation. 1872

↑ 2 blocks not present in 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869; present in 1872

It is, however, probable that some serial structures are the result of cells multiplying by division, entailing the multi- plication of the parts developed from such cells. It must suffice for our purpose to bear in mind that an indefinite repetition of the same part or organ is the common characteristic, as Owen has remarked, of all low or little specialised forms; therefore the unknown progenitor of the Vertebrata probably possessed many vertebræ; the unknown progenitor of the Articulata, many segments; and the unknown progenitor of flowering plants, many leaves arranged in one or more spires.

→ OMIT 1869

we may readily believe that 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ no doubt possessed 1869

possessed 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ leaves arranged in one or more spires. 1869

spiral whorls of leaves. 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ in number and structure. 1869

in number and structure; consequently it is quite probable that natural selection, during a long-continued course of modification, should have seized on a certain number of the primordially similar elements, many times repeated, and have adapted them to the most diverse purposes. 1859 1860 1861 1866

not only in number, but in form. 1872

→ Consequently 1869 1872

And as the whole amount of modification will have been effected by slight successive steps, we need not wonder at discovering in 1859 1860 1861

And as the whole amount of modification will have been effected by successive slight steps, we need not wonder at discovering in 1866

→ being already present, and being highly variable, would afford the materials for adaptation to the most different purposes; and they would generally retain through the force 1869

or organs, a certain degree of fundamental resemblance, retained by the strong principle 1859 1860

or organs a certain degree of fundamental resemblance, retained by the strong principle 1861 1866

being already present in considerable numbers, and being highly variable, would naturally afford the materials for adaptation to the most different purposes; yet they would generally retain, through the force 1872

→ inheritance plain traces of their original or fundamental resemblance. 1869

inheritance. 1859 1860 1861 1866

inheritance, plain traces of their original or fundamental resemblance. 1872

↑ 2 blocks not present in 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869; present in 1872

They would retain this resemblance all the more, as the variations, which afforded the basis for their subsequent modification through natural selection, would tend from the first to be similar; the parts being at an early stage of growth alike, and being subjected to nearly the same conditions. Such parts, whether more or less modified, unless their common origin became wholly obscure, would be serially homologous.

→ it can easily be shown that 1869

we can homologise 1859 1860 1866

we can homo- logise 1861

OMIT 1872

shaped pieces of →bone? As Owen has remarked, the benefit derived from the yielding of the separate pieces in the act of parturition

mammals, will by no means explain the same construction in the skulls of →birds and reptiles. Why should similar bones have been created →to form the wing and

leg

the leg

of a bat, used as they are for such totally different →purposes? Why should one crustacean, which has an extremely complex mouth formed of many parts, consequently always have fewer legs; or conversely, those with many legs have simpler mouths? Why should the sepals, petals, stamens, and

pistils

pistils,

any individual

each

flower, though fitted for such

distinct

widely different

purposes, be all constructed on the same pattern?

On the theory of natural selection, we

can,

can

→OMIT answer these questions. →In the vertebrata, we see a series of →internal vertebræ bearing certain processes; in the articulata, the body divided into →a series of segments, bearing external appendages; and in flowering plants, spiral whorls of leaves. ↑ An indefinite repetition of the same part or organ is the common

characteristic

characteristic,

(as

Owen has

observed)

observed,

of all low or

little-modified

little modified

forms; therefore →OMIT the unknown progenitor of the vertebrata →no doubt possessed many vertebræ; the unknown progenitor of the articulata, many segments; and the unknown progenitor of flowering plants, many →leaves arranged in one or more spires. We have

also formerly

formerly

seen that parts many times repeated are eminently liable to

vary,

vary

→in number and structure. →Consequently such

parts,

parts

→being already present, and being highly variable, would afford the materials for adaptation to the most different purposes; and they would generally retain through the force of →inheritance plain traces of their original or fundamental resemblance. ↑

In the great class of molluscs, though →it can easily be shown that the