Comparison with 1866 |
|
CHAPTER II. |
VARIATION UNDER NATURE. |
Variability— Variability— 1866 | Variability — 1859 1860 1861 1869 1872 |
Individual
differences— differences— 1866 | differences — 1859 1860 1861 1869 1872 |
Doubtful
species— species— 1866 | species — 1859 1860 1861 1869 1872 |
Wide ranging, much diffused, and common
species species 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | species, 1872 |
vary
most—Species most—Species 1866 |
most — Species 1859 1860 1861 1872 |
most — Speices 1869 |
of the larger genera in any
country vary more than
the species of the smaller
genera— genera— 1866 | genera — 1859 1860 1861 1869 1872 |
Many of the species of the larger genera resemble varieties in being very closely, but unequally, related to each other, and in having restricted ranges. |
BEFORE applying the principles arrived at in the last chapter to organic beings in a state of nature, we must briefly discuss whether these latter are subject to any variation. To treat this subject
at all at all 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | at all 1872 |
properly, a long catalogue of dry facts should
be given; but these I shall reserve for
my my 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | a 1872 |
future work. Nor shall I here discuss the various definitions which have been given of the term species. No one definition has
as yet as yet 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | as yet 1872 |
satisfied all naturalists; yet every naturalist knows vaguely what he means when he speaks of a species. Generally the term includes the unknown element of a distinct act of creation. The term "variety" is almost equally difficult to define; but here community of descent is almost universally implied, though it can rarely be proved. We have also what are called monstrosities; but they graduate into varieties. By a monstrosity I presume is meant some considerable deviation of structure
generally injurious to generally injurious to 1866 1869 |
in one part, either injurious to 1859 1860 |
in one part, generally injurious to 1861 |
generally injurious, 1872 |
or not useful to the species,
and not generally propagated.
Some authors use the term "variation" in a technical sense, as implying a modification directly due to the physical conditions of life; and "variations" in this sense are supposed not to be
inherited: inherited: 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | inherited; 1872 |
but who can say that the dwarfed condition of shells in the brackish waters of the Baltic, or dwarfed plants on Alpine summits, or the thicker fur of an animal from far northwards, would not in some cases be inherited for at least
some some 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | a 1872 |
few generations? and in this case I presume that the form would be called a variety. |
|
It may perhaps
be doubted whether monstrosities, or such
sudden and
great great 1861 1866 1869 | considerable 1872 |
deviations of structure as
we occasionally see in our domestic productions, more especially with plants, are ever permanently propagated in a state of nature. Monsters are very apt to be sterile; and
almost
every part of every organic being,
at least with animals,
is so
|
CHAPTER II. |
VARIATION UNDER NATURE. |
Variability — Variability — 1859 1860 1861 1869 1872 | Variability— 1866 |
Individual
differences — differences — 1859 1860 1861 1869 1872 | differences— 1866 |
Doubtful
species — species — 1859 1860 1861 1869 1872 | species— 1866 |
Wide ranging, much diffused, and common
species, species, 1872 | species 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
vary
most — Species most — Species 1859 1860 1861 1872 |
most—Species 1866 |
most — Speices 1869 |
of the larger genera in
each each 1866 1869 1872 | any 1859 1860 1861 |
country vary more
frequently than frequently than 1866 1869 1872 | than 1859 1860 1861 |
the species of the smaller
genera — genera — 1859 1860 1861 1869 1872 | genera— 1866 |
Many of the species of the larger genera resemble varieties in being very closely, but unequally, related to each other, and in having restricted ranges. |
BEFORE applying the principles arrived at in the last chapter to organic beings in a state of nature, we must briefly discuss whether these latter are subject to any variation. To treat this subject
....... 1872 | at all 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
properly, a long catalogue of dry facts
ought to ought to 1866 1869 1872 | should 1859 1860 1861 |
be given; but these I shall reserve for
a a 1872 | my 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
future work. Nor shall I here discuss the various definitions which have been given of the term species. No one definition has
....... 1872 | as yet 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
satisfied all naturalists; yet every naturalist knows vaguely what he means when he speaks of a species. Generally the term includes the unknown element of a distinct act of creation. The term "variety" is almost equally difficult to define; but here community of descent is almost universally implied, though it can rarely be proved. We have also what are called monstrosities; but they graduate into varieties. By a monstrosity I presume is meant some considerable deviation of
structure, structure, 1866 1869 1872 | structure 1859 1860 1861 |
generally injurious, generally injurious, 1872 |
in one part, either injurious to 1859 1860 |
in one part, generally injurious to 1861 |
generally injurious to 1866 1869 |
or not useful to the
species. species. 1861 1866 1869 1872 | species, 1859 1860 |
....... 1861 1866 1869 1872 | and 1859 1860 |
....... 1861 1866 1869 1872 | not 1859 1860 |
....... 1861 1866 1869 1872 | generally 1859 1860 |
....... 1861 1866 1869 1872 | propagated. 1859 1860 |
Some authors use the term "variation" in a technical sense, as implying a modification directly due to the physical conditions of life; and "variations" in this sense are supposed not to be
inherited; inherited; 1872 | inherited: 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
but who can say that the dwarfed condition of shells in the brackish waters of the Baltic, or dwarfed plants on Alpine summits, or the thicker fur of an animal from far northwards, would not in some cases be inherited for at least
a a 1872 | some 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
few generations? and in this case I presume that the form would be called a variety. |
|
It may
....... 1866 1869 1872 | perhaps 1861 |
be doubted whether
...OMIT 1866 1869 1872 |
monstrosities, or such 1861 |
sudden and
considerable considerable 1872 | great 1861 1866 1869 |
deviations of structure
such as such as 1866 1869 1872 | as 1861 |
we occasionally see in our domestic productions, more especially with plants, are ever permanently propagated in a state of nature.
...OMIT 1866 1869 1872 |
Monsters are very apt to be sterile; and 1861 |
Almost Almost 1866 1869 1872 | almost 1861 |
every part of every organic
being being 1866 1869 1872 | being, 1861 |
...OMIT 1866 1869 1872 |
at least with animals, 1861 |
is so
|