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See page in:
1859
1860
1861
1866
1869
1872

Compare with:
1859
1860
1861
1866
1869

→ are often 1872
should so often be 1859 1860 1861
are so often 1866 1869
→ on oceanic islands and 1872
and 1859 1860 1861 1866
on oceanic islands, and 1869
→ terrestrial mammals, are facts 1869 1872
mammals, on oceanic islands, are 1859 1860 1861 1866
→ are still common 1869 1872
common 1859 1860 1861 1866
→ the striking relation of nearly 1869 1872
nearly 1859 1860 1861 1866
→ OMIT 1869 1872
being related in the most striking manner 1859 1860 1861 1866
→ of those of 1869 1872
those of 1859 1860 1861 1866
→ of the other 1869 1872
other 1859 1860 1861 1866
→ can be arranged within a few great classes, in 1869 1872
constitute one grand natural system, with 1859 1860 1861 1866
→ forms 1869 1872
species and genera 1859 1860 1861 1866
→ in contradistinction to their adaptive resemblances, are 1869 1872
are 1859 1860 1861 1866
→ with the acquired grades of difference, marked 1872
in which we have to discover the lines of descent 1859 1860 1861 1866
with the acquired grades of dif- ference, marked 1869
→ terms, varieties, species, genera, families, &c.; and we have to discover the lines of descent by the most 1869 1872
most 1859 1860 1861 1866
→ whatever they may be and of however slight 1869 1872
however slight their 1859 1860 1861 1866
ocean,
the ocean,
as frogs and terrestrial mammals,
should
do
not inhabit oceanic islands; and why, on the other hand, new and peculiar species of bats,
which
animals which
can traverse the ocean, →are often found on islands far distant from any continent. Such
facts
cases
as the presence of peculiar species of
bats,
bats
→on oceanic islands and the absence of all other →terrestrial mammals, are facts utterly inexplicable on the theory of independent acts of creation.
The existence of closely allied or representative species in any two areas, implies, on the theory of descent with modification, that the same
parents
parent-forms
formerly inhabited both
areas;
areas:
and we almost invariably find that wherever many closely allied species inhabit two areas, some identical species →are still common to
both
both.
still
....
exist.
exist there.
....
Wherever many closely allied yet distinct species occur,
many
....
doubtful forms and varieties
of
belonging to
the same
species
groups
like-wise
likewise
occur. It is a rule of high generality that the inhabitants of each area are related to the inhabitants of the nearest source whence immigrants might have been derived. We see this in →the striking relation of nearly all the plants and animals of the Galapagos archipelago, of Juan Fernandez, and of the other American
islands
islands,
→OMIT to the plants and animals of the neighbouring American mainland; and →of those of the Cape de Verde
archipelago
archipelago,
and →of the other African islands to the African mainland. It must be admitted that these facts receive no explanation on the theory of creation.
The fact, as we have seen, that all past and present organic beings →can be arranged within a few great classes, in
group
groups
subordinate to
group,
groups,
and with
extinct
the extinct
groups often falling in between
recent
the recent
groups, is intelligible on the theory of natural selection with its contingencies of extinction and divergence of character. On these same principles we see how it is, that the mutual affinities of the →forms within each class are so complex and circuitous. We see why certain characters are far more serviceable than others for classification;— why adaptive characters, though of paramount importance to the
being,
beings,
beings;
are of hardly any importance in classification; why characters derived from rudimentary parts, though of no service to the
being,
beings,
are often of high classificatory value; and why embryological characters are
the
often the
most valuable of all. The real affinities of all organic
beings
beings,
→in contradistinction to their adaptive resemblances, are due to inheritance or community of descent. The
natural
Natural
system
System
is a genealogical arrangement, →with the acquired grades of difference, marked by the →terms, varieties, species, genera, families, &c.; and we have to discover the lines of descent by the most permanent
characters,
characters
→whatever they may be and of however slight vital
importance
importance.
may
....
be.
....