Comparison with 1869 |
|
humble-bees, believes that "more than two thirds of
them
are thus destroyed all over England." Now the number of mice is largely dependent, as every one knows, on the number of cats; and
Col.Newman Col.Newman 1869 | Mr. Newman 1859 1860 1861 | Col. Newman 1866 1872 |
says, "Near villages and small towns I have found the nests of humble-bees more numerous than elsewhere, which I attribute to the
numbe numbe 1869 | number 1859 1860 1861 1866 1872 |
r of r of 1869 | of 1859 1860 1861 1866 1872 |
cats that destroy the mice." Hence it is quite credible that the presence of a feline animal in large numbers in a district might determine, through the intervention first of mice and then of bees, the frequency of certain flowers in that district! |
|
In the case of every species, many different checks, acting at different periods of life, and during different seasons or years, probably come into play; some one check or some few being generally the most
potent, potent, 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | potent; 1872 |
but all
concur concur 1860 1861 1866 1869 | concurring 1859 | will concur 1872 |
in determining the average number or even the existence of the species. In some cases it can be shown that widely-different checks act on the same species in different districts. When we look at the plants and bushes clothing an entangled bank, we are tempted to attribute their proportional numbers and kinds to what we call chance. But how false a view is this! Every one has heard that when an American forest is cut down, a very different vegetation springs up; but it has been observed that the trees now growing on the
ancient Indian mounds,
in the Southern United States, display
the same beautiful diversity and proportion of kinds as in the surrounding virgin forests. What a struggle between the several kinds of trees must here
have gone on during long centuries,
each
annually scattering its seeds by the thousand; what war between insect and
insect—between insect—between 1869 | insect— between 1859 1860 1861 1866 1872 |
insects, snails, and other animals with birds and beasts of
prey—all prey—all 1869 | prey— 1859 1860 1861 1866 1872 |
....... 1869 | all 1859 1860 1861 1866 1872 |
striving to increase, and
all feeding on each other
or on the trees
or
their seeds and seedlings, or on the other plants which first clothed the ground and thus checked the growth of the trees! Throw up a handful of feathers, and all
must must 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | must 1872 |
fall to the ground according to definite laws; but how simple is this
problem compared to the action and reaction
of the innumerable
plants and animals which have determined, in the course of centuries, the proportional numbers and kinds of trees now growing on the old Indian ruins! |
|
The dependency of one organic being on another, as of a parasite on its prey, lies generally between beings remote in the scale of nature. This is often
the case with those which may
strictly be strictly be 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | be strictly 1872 |
said to struggle with each other for existence, as in the case of locusts and grass-feeding quadrupeds. But the struggle almost invariably will
be most severe between the individuals of the same species, for they frequent the same districts, require the same
|
humble-bees, believes that "more than
two-thirds two-thirds 1860 1861 1866 1869 1872 |
two thirds of 1859 |
of them of them 1860 1861 1866 1869 1872 | them 1859 |
are thus destroyed all over England." Now the number of mice is largely dependent, as every one knows, on the number of cats; and
Col. Newman Col. Newman 1866 1872 | Mr. Newman 1859 1860 1861 | Col.Newman 1869 |
says, "Near villages and small towns I have found the nests of humble-bees more numerous than elsewhere, which I attribute to the
number number 1859 1860 1861 1866 1872 | numbe 1869 |
of of 1859 1860 1861 1866 1872 | r of 1869 |
cats that destroy the mice." Hence it is quite credible that the presence of a feline animal in large numbers in a district might determine, through the intervention first of mice and then of bees, the frequency of certain flowers in that district! |
|
In the case of every species, many different checks, acting at different periods of life, and during different seasons or years, probably come into play; some one check or some few being generally the most
potent; potent; 1872 | potent, 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
but all
will concur will concur 1872 | concurring 1859 | concur 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
in determining the average number or even the existence of the species. In some cases it can be shown that widely-different checks act on the same species in different districts. When we look at the plants and bushes clothing an entangled bank, we are tempted to attribute their proportional numbers and kinds to what we call chance. But how false a view is this! Every one has heard that when an American forest is cut down, a very different vegetation springs up; but it has been observed that
...OMIT 1860 1861 1866 1869 1872 |
the trees now growing on the 1859 |
ancient Indian
ruins ruins 1860 1861 1866 1869 1872 | mounds, 1859 |
in the Southern United States,
which must formerly have been cleared of trees, now display which must formerly have been cleared of trees, now display 1860 1861 1866 1869 1872 |
display 1859 |
the same beautiful diversity and proportion of kinds as in the surrounding virgin
forest. forest. 1869 1872 | forests. 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
What a struggle
must must 1869 1872 |
between the several kinds of trees must here 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
have gone on during long
centuries centuries 1869 1872 | centuries, 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
between the several kinds of trees, each between the several kinds of trees, each 1869 1872 |
each 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
annually scattering its seeds by the thousand; what war between insect and
insect— between insect— between 1859 1860 1861 1866 1872 | insect—between 1869 |
insects, snails, and other animals with birds and beasts of
prey— prey— 1859 1860 1861 1866 1872 | prey—all 1869 |
all all 1859 1860 1861 1866 1872 | all 1869 |
striving to increase,
....... 1869 1872 | and 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
all feeding on each
other, other, 1866 1869 1872 | other 1859 1860 1861 |
or on the
trees, trees, 1866 1869 1872 | trees 1859 1860 1861 |
....... 1866 1869 1872 | or 1859 1860 1861 |
their seeds and seedlings, or on the other plants which first clothed the ground and thus checked the growth of the trees! Throw up a handful of feathers, and all
....... 1872 | must 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
fall to the ground according to definite laws; but how simple is
the the 1861 1866 1869 1872 | this 1859 1860 |
problem
where each shall fall compared to that where each shall fall compared to that 1861 1866 1869 1872 |
compared to the action and reaction 1859 1860 |
of the
action and reaction of the innumerable action and reaction of the innumerable 1861 1866 1869 1872 |
innumerable 1859 1860 |
plants and animals which have determined, in the course of centuries, the proportional numbers and kinds of trees now growing on the old Indian ruins! |
|
The dependency of one organic being on another, as of a parasite on its prey, lies generally between beings remote in the scale of nature. This is
likewise sometimes likewise sometimes 1869 1872 | often 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
the case with those which may
be strictly be strictly 1872 | strictly be 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
said to struggle with each other for existence, as in the case of locusts and grass-feeding quadrupeds. But the struggle
will almost invariably will almost invariably 1869 1872 |
almost invariably will 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
be most severe between the individuals of the same species, for they frequent the same districts, require the same
|