Origin of Species Variorum

↑ 1 blocks not present in 1869 1872; present in 1859 1860 1861 1866

the fullest freedom for the entrance of pollen from another individual will explain this state of exposure, more especially as the plant's own anthers and pistil generally stand so close together that self-fertilisation seems almost inevitable.

→ these almost invariably present beautiful and 1872

in several, perhaps in all, such flowers, there is a very 1859 1860

in most of these flowers there is a very 1861 1866

in most of these flowers there is a 1869

→ in relation to the visits of insects. 1872

between the structure of the flower and the manner in which bees suck the nectar; for, in doing this, they either push the flower's own pollen on the stigma, or bring pollen from another flower. 1859 1860

between their structure and the manner in which bees suck the nectar; for, in doing this, they either push the flower's own pollen on the stigma, or bring pollen from another flower. 1861 1866

between their structure and the manner in which bees suck the nectar; for, in doing this, they either push the flowers own pollen on the stigma, or bring pollen from another flower. 1869

→ OMIT 1872

I have found, by experiments published elsewhere, that 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

→ for insects to 1872

that bees should 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

→ OMIT 1872

as I believe, 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

→ ensure fertilisation, just to touch with the same brush 1872

touch 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

→ OMIT 1872

with the same brush to ensure fertilisation; 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

→ OMIT 1872

you bring on the same brush 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

→ are placed on the same stigma, the former is so prepotent 1872

the former will have such a prepotent effect, 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

→ favoured, 1872

any aids for self-fertilisation, 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

→ which effectually prevent the stigma receiving pollen from its own flower, as 1872

as 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

→ others, as well as from 1872

from 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

→ OMIT 1872

which effectually prevent the stigma receiving pollen from its own flower: 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

→ all 1861 1866 1869 1872

every one of 1859 1860

what a multitude of flowers have their anthers and stigmas fully exposed to the weather!

but if

an occasional cross be indispensable, ↑ notwithstanding that the

plants

plant's

own anthers and pistil stand so near each other as almost to

ensure

insure

self-fertilisation, the fullest freedom for the entrance of pollen from another individual will explain the above state of exposure of the organs. Many flowers, on the other hand, have their organs of fructification closely enclosed, as in the great papilionaceous or pea-family; but →these almost invariably present beautiful and curious

adaptation

adaptations

→in relation to the visits of insects. So necessary are the visits of bees to

papilionaceous

many papilinaceous

many papilionaceous

flowers, that →OMIT their fertility is greatly diminished if these visits be prevented. Now, it is scarcely possible →for insects to fly from flower to flower, and not

carry

to carry

pollen from one to the other, to the great

good,

good

→OMIT of the plant.

Bees will

Insects

act like a camel-hair pencil, and it is

quite

....

sufficient

sufficient,

just

....

to →ensure fertilisation, just to touch with the same brush the anthers of one flower and then the stigma of

another

another;

→OMIT but it must not be supposed that bees would thus produce a multitude of hybrids between distinct species; for if →OMIT a

plants

plant's

own pollen and

pollen

that

from another

species,

species

→are placed on the same stigma, the former is so prepotent that it

will

....

invariably and completely

destroy,

destroys,

as has been shown by

Gärtner,

any

the

influence

from

the foreign pollen.

When the stamens of a flower suddenly spring towards the pistil, or slowly move one after the other towards it, the contrivance seems adapted solely to ensure self-fertilisation; and no doubt it is useful for this end:

but,

but

the agency of insects is often required to cause the stamens to spring forward, as

Kölreuter

has shown to be the case with the barberry; and

curiously

....

in this very genus, which seems to have a special contrivance for self-fertilisation, it is well known

that

that,

very

....

closely-allied forms or varieties are planted near each other, it is hardly possible to raise pure seedlings, so largely do they naturally cross. In

many

numerous

other cases, far from

there

self-fertilisation

being →favoured, there are special

contrivances,

contrivances

→which effectually prevent the stigma receiving pollen from its own flower, as I could show from the

writings

works

C. C.

....

Sprengel and →others, as well as from my own

observations,

observations:

→OMIT for instance, in Lobelia fulgens, there is a really beautiful and elaborate contrivance by which →all the infinitely numerous pollen-granules are swept out of the conjoined anthers of each flower, before the stigma of that individual flower is ready to receive them; and as this flower is never visited, at least in my garden, by insects, it never sets a seed, though by placing pollen from one flower on the stigma of another, I raised plenty of

seedlings;

and

whilst

another

species

Lobelia

growing

by,

which

visited

bees,

seeds

freely.

Another species of Lobelia, which is visited by bees, seeds