Origin of Species Variorum

→ and are merely not developed: this seems to be the case 1859 1860 1861 1866

this occasionally occurs 1869 1872

→ for many instances are on record of these organs having 1859 1860 1861 1866

for they have been known to 1869

which have been known to 1872

→ in full-grown males, and having 1859 1860 1861 1866

and to 1869 1872

→ there are normally four developed and two rudimentary teats 1859 1860 1861 1866

OMIT 1869 1872

→ but in our domestic cows the two sometimes become 1859 1860 1861 1866

there are normally four 1869 1872

→ give 1859 1860 1861 1866

two rudimentary teats; but the latter in our domestic cows sometimes become well developed and yield 1869 1872

→ plants of the same species 1860 1861 1866

individual plants of the same species 1859

regard to plants 1869 1872

→ sometimes occur as mere 1859 1860 1861 1866

are sometimes 1869 1872

→ in a well-developed state. 1859 1860 1861 1866

well-developed in individuals of the same species. 1869

well-developed in the individuals of the same species. 1872

→ plants with separated sexes, 1859 1860 1861

some plants with their sexes separated, 1866

certain diœcious plants Kölreuter found that by crossing a species, in which 1869

certain plants having separated sexes 1872

→ the male flowers often have a rudiment of a pistil; and Kölreuter found that by crossing such male plants with an hermaphrodite species, the rudiment of the pistil 1859 1860 1861

the male flowers include a rudiment of a pistil; and Kölreuter found that by crossing a species of this kind with another hermaphrodite species, the rudiment of the pistil 1866

the male flowers included a rudiment of a pistil, with an hermaphrodite species, having of course a well-developed pistil, the rudiment 1869

Kölreuter found that by crossing a species, in which the male flowers included a rudiment of a pistil, 1872

→ in 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

with an hermaphrodite species, having of course a well-developed pistil, the rudiment in 1872

→ shows that 1859 1860 1861

clearly shows how essen- tially alike in nature 1866

clearly shows that 1869 1872

↑ 4 blocks not present in 1859 1860 1861 1866; present in 1869 1872

An animal may possess various parts in a perfect state, and yet they may in one sense be rudimentary, for they are useless: thus the tadpole of the common Salamander or newt, as Mr. G. H. Lewes remarks, "has gills, and passes its existence "in the water; but the Salamandra atra, which lives "high up among the mountains, brings forth its young "full-formed. This animal never lives in the water. "Yet if we open a gravid female, we find tadpoles "inside her with exquisitely feathered gills; and when "placed in water they swim about like the tadpoles of the "water-newt. Obviously this aquatic organisation has "no reference to the future life of the animal, nor has "it any adaptation to its embryonic condition; it has "solely reference to ancestral adaptations, it repeats a "phase in the development of its progenitors."

→ pistil, which is in a rudimentary state, 1859 1860 1861 1866

rudimentary pistil, 1869 1872

→ with hairs as in other compositæ, for the purpose of brushing 1859 1860 1861 1866

with hairs, in the usual manner, for brushing 1869

in the usual manner with hairs, which serve to brush 1872

→ anthers. 1859 1860 1861

and conjoined anthers. 1866 1869 1872

rudiments represent wings. Rudimentary organs sometimes retain their

potentiality:

potentiality,

→and are merely not developed: this seems to be the case with the mammæ of male mammals, →for many instances are on record of these organs having become well

developed,

developed

→in full-grown males, and having

secrete

secreted

milk. So again →there are normally four developed and two rudimentary teats in the udders

the genus

Bos;

Bos,

→but in our domestic cows the two sometimes become developed and →give milk. In →plants of the same species the petals →sometimes occur as mere

rudimental,

rudimentary,

rudiments,

and sometimes →in a well-developed state. In →plants with separated sexes, →the male flowers often have a rudiment of a pistil; and Kölreuter found that by crossing such male plants with an hermaphrodite species, the rudiment of the pistil →in the hybrid offspring was much increased in size; and this →shows that the

rudimentary

rudiment

and

~~the~~

the

perfect

pistils

are.

~~essentially~~

~~alike~~

~~nature.~~

↑

organ,

organ

serving for two purposes, may become rudimentary or utterly aborted for one, even the more important

purpose,

purpose;

and remain perfectly efficient for the other. Thus in plants, the office of the pistil is to allow the pollen-tubes to reach the ovules

within

protected in

the

ovarium.

ovarium

~~its~~

its

~~base.~~

base.

The pistil consists of a stigma supported on

its

the

style; but in some

compositæ,

Compositæ,

the male florets, which of course cannot be fecundated, have a →pistil, which is in a rudimentary state, for it is not crowned with a stigma; but the style remains well

developed

developed,

and is clothed →with hairs as in other compositæ, for the purpose of brushing the pollen out of the surrounding →anthers. Again, an organ may become rudimentary for its proper purpose, and be used for a distinct

one:

object:

in certain

fishes

fish

the

swimbladder

swim bladder

swim-bladder

seems to be

rudimentary

nearly rudimentary

for its proper function of giving buoyancy, but has become converted into a nascent