resemble each other much more closely than do the
adults,— | adults,— 1869 1872 | | adults, 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
just as we have seen
with | with 1869 1872 | | in 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
the
breeds | breeds 1869 1872 | | case 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
of
the pigeon. | the pigeon. 1869 1872 | | pigeons. 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
We may extend this view to
widely distinct structures and to whole | widely distinct structures and to whole 1869 1872 |
| whole families or even 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
classes. The fore-limbs, for instance, which
once served | once served 1869 1872 | | served 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
as legs
to a remote progenitor, may have become, through | to a remote progenitor, may have become, through 1869 1872 |
| in the parent-species, may become, by 1859 |
| in the parent-species, may have become, by 1860 1861 1866 |
a long course of modification, adapted in one descendant to act as hands, in another as paddles, in another as wings;
but | but 1869 1872 | | and 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
on the above two
principles | principles 1869 1872 |
| principles— namely of each successive modification supervening at a rather late age, and being inherited at a corresponding late age— 1859 1861 1866 |
| principles— namely of each successive modification supervening at a rather late age, and being inherited at a corre- sponding late age— 1860 |
the fore-limbs
will not have been much modified in | will not have been much modified in 1869 1872 |
| in 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
the embryos of
these | these 1869 1872 | | the 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
several
forms; although in each the embryonic fore-limb will differ greatly from that in the adult. | forms; although in each the embryonic fore-limb will differ greatly from that in the adult. 1869 |
| descendants of the parent-species will still resemble each other closely, for they will not have been modified. 1859 1860 1866 |
| descendants of the parent species will still resemble each other closely, for they will not have been modified. 1861 |
| forms; although in each form the fore-limb will differ greatly in the adult state. 1872 |
↑| 1 blocks not present in 1869 1872; present in 1859 1860 1861 1866 | | But in each individual
new species, the embryonic fore-limbs will differ greatly from the fore-limbs in the mature animal; the limbs in the latter
having undergone much modification at a rather late period of life, and having thus been converted into hands, or paddles, or wings.
|
Whatever
influence, | influence, 1869 | | influence 1859 1860 1861 1866 1872 |
moreover, long-continued use or disuse | moreover, long-continued use or disuse 1869 |
| long-continued exercise or use on the one hand, and disuse on the other, 1859 1860 1861 |
| long-continued exercise or disuse 1866 |
| long-continued use or disuse 1872 |
may have
had in modifying the limbs or other parts of animals, this will chiefly or solely have affected them when mature and when they had to use their | had in modifying the limbs or other parts of animals, this will chiefly or solely have affected them when mature and when they had to use their 1869 |
| in modifying an organ, such influence will mainly affect the mature animal, which has come to its 1859 1860 1861 |
| had in modifying an organ, such influence will mainly affect the mature animal, which has come to its 1866 |
| had in modifying the limbs or other parts of any species, this will chiefly or solely have affected it when nearly mature, when it was compelled to use its 1872 |
full powers
...| OMIT 1869 1872 |
| of activity and has 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
to | to 1859 1860 1861 1869 1872 | | had to 1866 |
gain
their | their 1869 | | its 1859 1860 1861 1866 1872 |
own living; and the
effect | effect 1869 | | effects 1859 1860 1861 1866 1872 |
thus produced will
be transmitted to the offspring | be transmitted to the offspring 1869 |
| be inherited 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
| have been transmitted to the offspring 1872 |
at
a | a 1859 1860 1861 1869 1872 | | the 1866 |
corresponding
mature | mature 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | | nearly mature 1872 |
age.
Thus | Thus 1869 1872 | | Whereas 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
the young will
not | not 1869 |
| remain unmodified, or 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
| not be modified, or 1872 |
be modified | be modified 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
| will be modified only 1872 |
or will be modified in a less degree. | or will be modified in a less degree. 1869 |
| in a lesser degree, by the effects of use and disuse. 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
| in a slight degree, through the effects of the increased use or disuse of parts. 1872 |
|
In other cases | In other cases 1869 |
| In certain cases 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
| With some animals 1872 |
..| ..... 1869 | | the 1859 1860 1861 1866 1872 |
successive
variations may have supervened | variations may have supervened 1869 1872 |
| steps of variation might supervene, from causes of which we are wholly ignorant, 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
at a very early period of life, or
the | the 1869 1872 | | each 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
steps | steps 1869 1872 | | step 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
may have been | may have been 1869 1872 |
| might be 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
inherited at an earlier
age | age 1869 1872 | | period 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
than that at which
they | they 1869 1872 | | it 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
first
occurred. | occurred. 1869 1872 | | appeared. 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
In either
case, as we have seen with the short-faced tumbler, | case, as we have seen with the short-faced tumbler, 1869 |
| case (as with the short-faced tumbler) 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
| of these cases, 1872 |
the young or embryo
would | would 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | | will 1872 |
closely resemble the mature
parent-form. | parent-form. 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
| parent-form, as we have seen with the short-faced tumbler. 1872 |
And | And 1869 1872 |
| We have seen that 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
this is the rule of development in certain whole
groups | groups 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | | groups, 1872 |
or sub-groups, | or sub-groups, 1869 |
| of animals, 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
| or in certain sub-groups alone, 1872 |
as with
cuttle-fish, | cuttle-fish, 1866 1869 1872 | | cuttle-fish 1859 1861 | | cuttle fish 1860 |
land-shells, fresh-water crustaceans, | land-shells, fresh-water crustaceans, 1866 1869 1872 |
| and 1859 1860 1861 |
spiders, and
some | some 1869 1872 |
| with a few 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
members of the great class of
insects. | insects. 1866 1869 1872 | | insects, 1859 1860 1861 |
..| ..... 1866 1869 1872 | | as 1859 1860 1861 |
..| ..... 1866 1869 1872 | | with 1859 1860 1861 |
..| ..... 1866 1869 1872 | | Aphis. 1859 1860 1861 |
With respect to the final cause of the young in
these groups not passing through | these groups not passing through 1869 |
| these cases not undergoing 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
| such groups not passing through 1872 |
any metamorphosis,
...| OMIT 1866 1869 1872 |
| or closely resembling their parents from their earliest age, 1859 1860 1861 |
we can see that this would
follow | follow 1869 1872 | | result 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
from the
..| ..... 1869 1872 | | two 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
following
contingencies; | contingencies; 1859 1869 1872 | | contingencies: 1860 1861 | | contin- gencies: 1866 |
namely, | namely, 1869 1872 | | firstly, 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
from the
young | young 1869 1872 | | young, 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
...| OMIT 1869 1872 |
| during a course of modification carried on for many generations, 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
having to provide
|