Comparison with 1861 |
|
A corollary of the highest importance may be deduced from the foregoing remarks, namely, that the structure of every organic being is related, in the most essential yet often hidden manner, to that of all
other other 1859 1860 1861 1866 | the other 1869 1872 |
organic beings, with which it comes into competition for food or residence, or from which it has to escape, or on which it preys. This is obvious in the structure of the teeth and talons of the tiger; and in that of the legs and claws of the parasite which clings to the hair on the tiger's
body. But in the beautifully plumed seed of the dandelion, and in the flattened and fringed legs of the water-beetle, the relation seems at first confined to the elements of air and water. Yet the advantage of plumed seeds no doubt stands in the closest relation to the land being already thickly clothed
by by 1859 1860 1861 | with 1866 1869 1872 |
other plants; so that the seeds may be widely distributed and fall on unoccupied ground. In the water-beetle, the structure of its legs, so well adapted for diving, allows it to compete with other aquatic insects, to hunt for its own prey, and to escape serving as prey to other animals. |
|
The store of nutriment laid up within the seeds of many plants seems at first sight to have no sort of relation to other plants. But from the strong growth of young plants produced from such
seeds seeds 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | seeds, 1872 |
(as (as 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | as 1872 |
peas and
beans), beans), 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | beans, 1872 |
when sown in the midst of long grass, I
suspect
that the chief use of the nutriment in the seed is to favour the growth of the
young young 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | young 1872 |
seedling, seedling, 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | seedlings, 1872 |
whilst struggling with other plants growing vigorously all around. |
|
Look at a plant in the midst of its range, why does it not double or quadruple its numbers? We know that it can perfectly well withstand a little more heat or cold, dampness or dryness, for elsewhere it ranges into slightly hotter or colder, damper or drier districts. In this case we can clearly see that if we
wished wished 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | wish 1872 |
in imagination to give the plant the power of increasing in number, we should have to give it some advantage over its competitors, or over the animals which
preyed preyed 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | prey 1872 |
on it. On the confines of its geographical range, a change of constitution with respect to climate would clearly be an advantage to our plant; but we have reason to believe that only a few plants or animals range so far, that they are destroyed
by by 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | exclusively by 1872 |
the rigour of the
climate climate 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | climate. 1872 |
alone. alone. 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | alone. 1872 |
Not until we reach the extreme confines of life, in the arctic
regions or on the borders of an utter desert, will competition cease. The land may be extremely cold or dry, yet there will be competition between some few species, or between the individuals of the same species, for the warmest or dampest spots. |
|
Hence, Hence, 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | Hence 1872 |
also, also, 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | also, 1872 |
we can see that when a plant or animal is placed in a new country amongst new competitors,
though though 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 | though 1872 |
the
climate may be exactly the same as in its former home, yet the climate may be exactly the same as in its former home, yet the 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
OMIT 1872 |
|
A corollary of the highest importance may be deduced from the foregoing remarks, namely, that the structure of every organic being is related, in the most essential yet often hidden manner, to that of all
the other the other 1869 1872 | other 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
organic beings, with which it comes into competition for food or residence, or from which it has to escape, or on which it preys. This is obvious in the structure of the teeth and talons of the tiger; and in that of the legs and claws of the parasite which clings to the hair on the
tiger's tiger's 1859 1861 1866 1872 | tigers 1860 1869 |
body. But in the beautifully plumed seed of the dandelion, and in the flattened and fringed legs of the water-beetle, the relation seems at first confined to the elements of air and water. Yet the advantage of plumed seeds no doubt stands in the closest relation to the land being already thickly clothed
with with 1866 1869 1872 | by 1859 1860 1861 |
other plants; so that the seeds may be widely distributed and fall on unoccupied ground. In the water-beetle, the structure of its legs, so well adapted for diving, allows it to compete with other aquatic insects, to hunt for its own prey, and to escape serving as prey to other animals. |
|
The store of nutriment laid up within the seeds of many plants seems at first sight to have no sort of relation to other plants. But from the strong growth of young plants produced from such
seeds, seeds, 1872 | seeds 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
as as 1872 | (as 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
peas and
beans, beans, 1872 | beans), 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
when sown in the midst of long grass,
it may be it may be 1861 1866 1869 1872 |
I 1859 1860 |
suspected suspected 1861 1866 1869 1872 | suspect 1859 1860 |
that the chief use of the nutriment in the seed is to favour the growth of the
....... 1872 | young 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
seedlings, seedlings, 1872 | seedling, 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
whilst struggling with other plants growing vigorously all around. |
|
Look at a plant in the midst of its range, why does it not double or quadruple its numbers? We know that it can perfectly well withstand a little more heat or cold, dampness or dryness, for elsewhere it ranges into slightly hotter or colder, damper or drier districts. In this case we can clearly see that if we
wish wish 1872 | wished 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
in imagination to give the plant the power of increasing in number, we should have to give it some advantage over its competitors, or over the animals which
prey prey 1872 | preyed 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
on it. On the confines of its geographical range, a change of constitution with respect to climate would clearly be an advantage to our plant; but we have reason to believe that only a few plants or animals range so far, that they are destroyed
exclusively by exclusively by 1872 | by 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
the rigour of the
climate. climate. 1872 | climate 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
....... 1872 | alone. 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
Not until we reach the extreme confines of life, in the
Arctic Arctic 1860 1861 1866 1869 1872 | arctic 1859 |
regions or on the borders of an utter desert, will competition cease. The land may be extremely cold or dry, yet there will be competition between some few species, or between the individuals of the same species, for the warmest or dampest spots. |
|
Hence Hence 1872 | Hence, 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
....... 1872 | also, 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
we can see that when a plant or animal is placed in a new country amongst new competitors,
....... 1872 | though 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
the
...OMIT 1872 |
climate may be exactly the same as in its former home, yet the 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869 |
|